WEBVTT
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[ ♪♪♪ ]
00:01:41.733 --> 00:01:43.933
YEAH, THAT'S A PILE
OF BRITISH UP THERE.
00:01:48.233 --> 00:01:50.100
[ NARRATOR ]: 50 YEARS
AFTER THE SECOND WORLD WAR
00:01:50.233 --> 00:01:52.600
TOOK THEM TO JAPAN,
TWO CANADIAN SOLDIERS
00:01:52.733 --> 00:01:55.100
HAVE COME BACK FOR A VISIT.
00:01:57.266 --> 00:02:00.800
THE VETERANS ARE PREPARING
THEMSELVES FOR A REUNION.
00:02:00.933 --> 00:02:03.066
ALL OUR AUSTRALIAN
BUDDIES UP THERE...
00:02:03.133 --> 00:02:05.533
AUSTRALIANS, BRITISH,
EAST INDIANS AND CANADIANS
00:02:05.666 --> 00:02:07.700
FOUGHT SIDE BY SIDE
IN THE PACIFIC.
00:02:07.833 --> 00:02:10.866
THE RETURNING CANADIANS
CAN REMEMBER SOME GOOD TIMES,
00:02:11.066 --> 00:02:12.800
BUT HERE THEY ALSO RELIVE
00:02:12.933 --> 00:02:16.800
ONE OF THE DARKEST MILITARY
STORIES IN CANADIAN HISTORY.
00:02:16.933 --> 00:02:21.466
THEY'VE COME TO SEE 137 FELLOW
CANADIANS IN YOKOHAMA TODAY.
00:02:21.600 --> 00:02:22.966
THIS IS
NOT GOING
00:02:23.100 --> 00:02:24.466
TO BE EASY,
ROBERT.
00:02:24.600 --> 00:02:27.966
ALL OF THOSE OLD COMRADES
LIE IN THIS CEMETERY.
00:02:46.200 --> 00:02:49.100
DEAR MUGGS, I'M IN THE SAME
MOOD HOMER MUST HAVE BEEN
00:02:49.233 --> 00:02:50.733
STARTING THE ODYSSEY.
00:02:55.533 --> 00:02:56.900
WAR ISN'T LIKE
EVERYONE THINKS --
00:02:57.066 --> 00:02:59.466
RUNNING UP A HILL, FIRING AWAY.
00:02:59.600 --> 00:03:02.200
IT'S MORE LIKE THE TWO
OF US SITTING HERE,
00:03:02.333 --> 00:03:04.700
AND SOME SON OF A BITCH
8 MILES AWAY SAYS,
00:03:04.833 --> 00:03:06.900
"HEY, LET'S KILL
SOMEONE OVER THERE."
00:03:07.066 --> 00:03:10.866
SO THEY FIRE A SHELL,
BLOWS EVERYONE TO PIECES.
00:03:13.766 --> 00:03:15.766
THE THOUGHT THAT
MY GOVERNMENT
00:03:15.900 --> 00:03:18.433
WOULD KNOWINGLY OFFER A COUPLE
OF THOUSAND OF ITS YOUNG MEN
00:03:18.566 --> 00:03:21.900
AS LAMBS TO THE SLAUGHTER...
00:03:22.066 --> 00:03:24.600
IN ORDER TO MEET SOME SORT
OF POLITICAL EXPEDIENCY...
00:03:28.733 --> 00:03:31.600
YOU KNOW, ROBERT, WHEN YOU LOOK
AROUND HERE AND SEE THESE GUYS,
00:03:31.733 --> 00:03:34.800
NONE OF THEM HAD AN EASY DEATH.
00:03:34.933 --> 00:03:36.300
EVEN AFTER ALL THESE YEARS,
00:03:36.433 --> 00:03:38.800
IT'S HARD TO COME BACK
TO VISIT THE CLOSE FRIENDS
00:03:38.933 --> 00:03:41.666
WHO WERE KILLED
RIGHT IN FRONT OF YOU.
00:03:41.800 --> 00:03:44.900
BOB MANCHESTER FOUGHT
AS ONE OF THE OLDER MEMBERS
00:03:45.066 --> 00:03:46.633
OF THE WINNIPEG GRENADIERS.
00:03:46.766 --> 00:03:49.733
HE WAS 25.
00:03:49.866 --> 00:03:53.566
BOB CLAYTON WAS A TEENAGER.
00:03:53.700 --> 00:03:55.233
WHEN HE WAS WOUNDED IN BATTLE,
00:03:55.366 --> 00:03:57.733
HE PASSED OVER COMMAND
OF HIS PLATOON TO HIS PAL,
00:03:57.866 --> 00:04:01.066
MURRAY GOODENOUGH.
00:04:01.200 --> 00:04:03.066
HE WON THE MILITARY MEDAL
DOWN AT STANLEY.
00:04:03.200 --> 00:04:04.700
IS THAT RIGHT?
00:04:06.800 --> 00:04:09.400
HE'S THE YOUNGEST MAN HERE
IN THE WHOLE CEMETERY --
00:04:09.533 --> 00:04:11.366
BRITS, AUSTRALIANS --
00:04:11.500 --> 00:04:12.866
HE'S THE YOUNGEST MAN.
00:04:13.066 --> 00:04:14.400
IMAGINE THAT.
00:04:14.533 --> 00:04:17.100
THEY LOOK AT STONES, EH?
00:04:17.233 --> 00:04:19.433
WE LOOK AT PEOPLE.
00:04:19.566 --> 00:04:21.666
THE DETAILS OF WHAT HAPPENED
TO THESE SOLDIERS WERE,
00:04:21.800 --> 00:04:25.500
FOR A LONG TIME, SUPPRESSED
BY THE CANADIAN GOVERNMENT.
00:04:25.633 --> 00:04:28.166
THE TERRIBLE STORY IS KNOWN
TO VERY FEW CANADIANS.
00:04:28.300 --> 00:04:32.700
MANY JAPANESE WOULD ALSO PREFER
THAT IT BE FORGOTTEN.
00:04:32.833 --> 00:04:35.733
YAAH!
00:04:35.866 --> 00:04:38.200
[ SHOUTING ]
00:04:40.233 --> 00:04:41.700
ACROSS THE COUNTRY FROM
00:04:41.833 --> 00:04:44.066
THE YOKOHAMA CEMETERY,
ANOTHER REUNION...
00:04:44.200 --> 00:04:46.266
[ SPEAKING JAPANESE ]
00:04:47.900 --> 00:04:51.166
THE 228th JAPANESE REGIMENT.
00:04:51.300 --> 00:04:54.066
IN 1941, SOME OF THESE MEN
WERE KILLING CANADIANS,
00:04:54.200 --> 00:04:56.333
AND NOT ALWAYS IN BATTLE.
WEBVTT
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[ SPEAKING JAPANESE ]
00:05:08.800 --> 00:05:10.833
A SHINTO PRIEST TELLS THEM
TO HONOUR THE MEMORY
00:05:10.966 --> 00:05:12.766
OF WHAT THEY DID IN THE WAR.
00:05:16.500 --> 00:05:18.733
THESE REUNIONS WERE
ONCE HELD IN SECRET.
00:05:21.066 --> 00:05:24.066
NOW THERE IS AN OPEN
CELEBRATION OF THE SPIRIT
00:05:24.200 --> 00:05:25.933
THAT BROUGHT THEM
TOGETHER FOR WAR.
00:05:39.933 --> 00:05:41.433
[ SPEAKING JAPANESE ]
00:05:42.933 --> 00:05:45.133
[ INTERPRETER ]: YOU MUST
DEMONSTRATE TO THE WORLD
00:05:45.266 --> 00:05:48.133
THE TRUE WORTH
OF JAPANESE MANHOOD.
00:05:48.266 --> 00:05:51.566
HIS MAJESTY DESIRES TO BRING
PEACE IN THE FAR EAST
00:05:51.700 --> 00:05:53.766
AND SET ASIA FREE.
00:05:55.933 --> 00:05:57.766
YOU ARE THE POINT OF HIS SWORD.
00:05:59.500 --> 00:06:01.733
YAAH! YAAH!
00:06:01.866 --> 00:06:04.166
[ NARRATOR ]: IN 1941,
JAPAN WAS INTENT
00:06:04.300 --> 00:06:07.066
ON THE EXPANSION OF ITS EMPIRE.
00:06:11.666 --> 00:06:13.866
THE IMPERIAL JAPANESE ARMY BEGAN
00:06:14.066 --> 00:06:16.400
ITS CAMPAIGN WITH A SWEEP
THROUGH CHINA...
00:06:17.833 --> 00:06:19.366
LEAVING A PATH OF DESTRUCTION
00:06:19.500 --> 00:06:21.133
AND TERROR IN ITS WAKE.
00:06:21.266 --> 00:06:23.266
[ SCREAMING ]
00:06:25.166 --> 00:06:26.533
BONZAI!
00:06:26.666 --> 00:06:31.200
[ SHOUTING ]
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THE SEEMINGLY INVINCIBLE
JAPANESE TROOPS MOVED SOUTH
00:06:34.200 --> 00:06:38.200
TOWARDS THE CHINESE BORDER WITH
THE BRITISH COLONY OF HONG KONG.
00:06:40.100 --> 00:06:43.966
IN EARLY 1941, WINSTON CHURCHILL
SAID PRIVATELY THAT THERE WAS
00:06:44.100 --> 00:06:46.566
NOT THE SLIGHTEST CHANCE
OF HOLDING HONG KONG
00:06:46.700 --> 00:06:49.400
OR OF RELIEVING IT
IF THE JAPANESE ATTACKED.
00:06:49.533 --> 00:06:53.333
EVENTUALLY, HIS MILITARY
PERSUADED HIM THAT IT WAS WORTH
00:06:53.466 --> 00:06:56.600
AT LEAST A SYMBOLIC ATTEMPT
TO HOLD HONG KONG.
00:06:56.733 --> 00:06:59.066
BUT RATHER THAN RISK
MORE OF THEIR OWN TROOPS,
00:06:59.133 --> 00:07:03.333
THE BRITISH DECIDED TO ASK
CANADA TO TAKE ON THE JOB.
00:07:03.466 --> 00:07:07.133
[ ♪♪♪ ]
00:07:11.200 --> 00:07:13.600
THE FIRST CANADIAN TROOPS
DESIGNATED FOR THE JOB
00:07:13.733 --> 00:07:15.366
WERE THESE WINNIPEG GRENADIERS
00:07:15.500 --> 00:07:18.833
ASSIGNED TO GARRISON DUTY
IN ANOTHER BRITISH COLONY --
00:07:18.966 --> 00:07:21.466
JAMAICA.
00:07:21.600 --> 00:07:25.066
INCREDIBLY, CANADA ANSWERED
ENGLAND'S CALL WITHOUT MAKING
00:07:25.166 --> 00:07:28.066
AN INDEPENDENT ASSESSMENT
OF THE PERIL,
00:07:28.133 --> 00:07:30.333
ACCEPTING THE MOTHER COUNTRY'S
ASSURANCE THAT THE MEN
00:07:30.466 --> 00:07:32.400
WOULD NOT BE IN HARM'S WAY.
00:07:33.900 --> 00:07:37.200
THE GRENADIERS HAD A LOT OF TIME
TO POLISH THEIR BASEBALL GAME,
00:07:37.333 --> 00:07:38.700
BUT FEW OF THEM
00:07:38.833 --> 00:07:40.800
HAD EVER THROWN A GRENADE.
00:07:40.933 --> 00:07:43.400
SOME HAD NEVER EVEN
FIRED A RIFLE.
00:07:43.533 --> 00:07:44.900
BECAUSE OF THEIR
LACK OF TRAINING,
00:07:45.066 --> 00:07:46.400
THEY WERE OFFICIALLY CLASSIFIED
00:07:46.533 --> 00:07:50.233
BY THE CANADIAN DEFENSE
DEPARTMENT AS UNFIT FOR COMBAT.
00:07:53.633 --> 00:07:56.100
[ TRAIN WHISTLE BLOWING ]
00:07:57.733 --> 00:07:59.366
BACK IN CANADA, THE GRENADIERS
00:07:59.500 --> 00:08:02.633
WERE JOINED BY ANOTHER UNIT
WITH THE SAME CLASSIFICATION,
00:08:02.766 --> 00:08:04.366
THE ROYAL RIFLES OF CANADA.
00:08:07.100 --> 00:08:10.100
FOR SECURITY REASONS,
THE 2,000 SOLDIERS
00:08:10.233 --> 00:08:12.833
HAD NO IDEA WHERE THEY
WERE BEING SHIPPED
00:08:12.966 --> 00:08:16.266
OR WHAT THREAT THEY WOULD FACE.
00:08:17.733 --> 00:08:19.100
...ABOARD.
00:08:19.233 --> 00:08:21.300
IN THE LINE-UP
00:08:21.433 --> 00:08:25.300
WAS 21-YEAR-OLD JOHN PAYNE,
AND ARTIST AND MUSICIAN.
00:08:25.433 --> 00:08:27.100
HE WAS BORN TO BE A SOLDIER.
00:08:27.233 --> 00:08:30.166
HIS FATHER WAS A BRITISH
CORPORAL WHO MET AND MARRIED
00:08:30.300 --> 00:08:35.066
HIS MOTHER, A NURSING SISTER,
DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR.
00:08:35.166 --> 00:08:38.066
JOHN'S GUITAR PLAYING
AND EASY-GOING MANNER
00:08:38.166 --> 00:08:40.533
HAD MADE HIM A POPULAR SERGEANT.
00:08:40.666 --> 00:08:42.533
HE WAS THE APPLE
OF HIS MOTHER'S EYE
00:08:42.666 --> 00:08:44.966
AND HAD PROMISED
TO WRITE TO HER OFTEN.
00:08:45.100 --> 00:08:48.133
HE ALSO WROTE TO HIS
CHILDHOOD SWEETHEART,
00:08:48.266 --> 00:08:50.066
MAGDELENE LIZOTTE.
00:08:50.133 --> 00:08:52.100
DEAR MUGGS,
00:08:52.233 --> 00:08:54.433
SOMETIMES I DON'T THINK
YOU APPRECIATE
00:08:54.566 --> 00:08:56.633
THE WORK I'VE BEEN DOING
FOR THE BRITISH EMPIRE,
00:08:56.766 --> 00:08:58.733
TO PRESERVE PEACE AND
DEMOCRACY ON THE EARTH
00:08:58.866 --> 00:09:00.666
FOR MANY A YEAR TO COME.
00:09:00.800 --> 00:09:02.400
IT'S ALWAYS BEEN LIKE THIS.
00:09:02.533 --> 00:09:05.100
THEY LAUGHED AT COLUMBUS,
POISONED SOCRATES,
00:09:05.233 --> 00:09:08.166
AND NOW THE ARMY COOKS
ARE TRYING TO POISON ME.
00:09:11.800 --> 00:09:13.533
[ NARRATOR ]: AS THEY
SHIPPED OUT FROM VANCOUVER,
00:09:13.666 --> 00:09:15.800
THERE WAS LITTLE SENSE
OF FOREBODING.
00:09:15.933 --> 00:09:17.900
FOR MOST, IT WAS AN ADVENTURE.
00:09:18.066 --> 00:09:20.333
SOME EVEN LIED ABOUT
THEIR AGE TO GET IN,
00:09:20.466 --> 00:09:22.900
LIKE ARMAND BOURBONNIERE
OF ST. BONIFACE, MANITOBA,
00:09:23.066 --> 00:09:24.600
WHO WANTED TO SPITE HIS MOTHER.
00:09:24.733 --> 00:09:26.133
ME?
00:09:26.266 --> 00:09:28.300
I LIKE SKATING A LOT.
00:09:28.433 --> 00:09:30.600
HOCKEY? I'M QUITE GOOD AT IT.
00:09:30.733 --> 00:09:33.200
BUT MY MOTHER, HEY,
SHE GAVE MY SKATES AWAY.
00:09:33.333 --> 00:09:37.066
I GOT SO MAD,
I JOINED THE SERVICE.
00:09:37.133 --> 00:09:39.066
OH, IT WASN'T LONG
SHE GOT ME OUT.
00:09:39.200 --> 00:09:41.666
I WAS UNDERAGE.
00:09:41.800 --> 00:09:45.433
BUT I WENT BACK IN AGAIN,
SO SHE LEFT ME THERE.
00:09:45.566 --> 00:09:49.066
ANYWAY, I GOT A BROTHER,
THE OLDEST ONE,
00:09:49.166 --> 00:09:53.233
WHEN HE FOUND OUT THAT I WAS
BACK IN THERE, HE CAME.
00:09:53.366 --> 00:09:55.300
WE'RE IN THE SAME REGIMENT.
00:09:55.433 --> 00:09:58.066
KAY CHRISTIE WAS ONE OF THREE
00:09:58.200 --> 00:10:00.000
CANADIAN NURSING SISTERS
WITH THE EXPEDITION.
WEBVTT
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CANADIAN NURSING SISTERS
WITH THE EXPEDITION.
00:10:01.833 --> 00:10:06.733
OUTSIDE OUR CABIN, THEY'RE
GIVING THEM LECTURES --
00:10:06.866 --> 00:10:09.900
TELLING THEM WHAT THIS END
OF THE RIFLE IS CALLED,
00:10:10.033 --> 00:10:12.800
WHERE TO PUT THE BULLET IN.
00:10:14.900 --> 00:10:17.066
HONESTLY, IT'S JUST APPALLING.
00:10:23.100 --> 00:10:24.700
[ NARRATOR ]:
AFTER THREE WEEKS AT SEA,
00:10:24.833 --> 00:10:27.166
THE CANADIANS
ARRIVED IN HONG KONG
00:10:27.300 --> 00:10:29.433
ON NOVEMBER 16th, 1941.
00:10:32.433 --> 00:10:35.900
THE 2,000 TROOPS
MARCHED IN TO BOLSTER
00:10:36.033 --> 00:10:38.233
THE SMALL BRITISH GARRISON.
00:10:38.366 --> 00:10:40.566
[ SHOUTING COMMANDS ]
00:10:43.266 --> 00:10:44.666
THERE WAS AN AIR OF UNREALITY.
00:10:44.800 --> 00:10:46.333
THE COLONY WAS ONLY SIX WEEKS
00:10:46.466 --> 00:10:48.066
AWAY FROM ITS CENTENNIAL
00:10:48.200 --> 00:10:50.366
AND EXPECTING TO PROSPER
FOR DECADES TO COME
00:10:50.500 --> 00:10:52.000
UNDER BRITISH MIGHT.
00:10:55.166 --> 00:10:57.033
BUT MOST OF THE BRITISH
FLEET WAS GONE,
00:10:57.166 --> 00:10:59.700
LEAVING ONLY A FEW
NAVAL VESSELS TO HELP.
00:11:03.333 --> 00:11:05.433
THERE WERE TWO MILLION
PEOPLE TO DEFEND --
00:11:05.566 --> 00:11:08.600
THE COLONY SWOLLEN
WITH CHINESE REFUGEES
00:11:08.733 --> 00:11:11.166
FLEEING THE ADVANCING JAPANESE.
00:11:14.633 --> 00:11:18.433
HONG KONG WAS NOT JUST AN
ISLAND, BUT A CHUNK OF MAINLAND
00:11:18.566 --> 00:11:20.733
INCLUDING THE CITY OF KOWLOON.
00:11:20.866 --> 00:11:22.800
THE MAINLAND TERRITORY
STRETCHED 40 KILOMETRES
00:11:22.933 --> 00:11:26.600
TO THE CHINESE BORDER,
WHERE THE JAPANESE ARMY SAT.
00:11:26.733 --> 00:11:29.100
BETWEEN THE JAPANESE AND
MOST OF THE HONG KONG PEOPLE
00:11:29.233 --> 00:11:30.933
WAS THE MAIN DEFENSE --
00:11:31.066 --> 00:11:32.666
STRETCHING FROM
GIN DRINKER'S BAY
00:11:32.800 --> 00:11:34.566
11 MILES THROUGH THE MOUNTAINS.
00:11:34.700 --> 00:11:38.933
A WHITE RIBBON OF CONCRETE,
THE GIN DRINKER'S LINE,
00:11:39.066 --> 00:11:40.866
IS STILL ETCHED
INTO THE MOUNTAINS
00:11:41.066 --> 00:11:43.466
OVERLOOKING A CRUCIAL
FRESHWATER RESERVOIR.
00:11:45.700 --> 00:11:47.066
FOR A BRITISH ARMY GEARED UP
00:11:47.200 --> 00:11:49.566
FOR FIRST WORLD WAR-TYPE
BATTLES, THE BUNKERS
00:11:49.700 --> 00:11:51.133
AND TUNNELS WITH NAMES LIKE
00:11:51.266 --> 00:11:54.166
CHARING CROSS ROAD
SEEMED A GOOD IDEA.
00:11:56.866 --> 00:11:59.600
SERGEANTS BOB CLAYTON,
BOB MANCHESTER
00:11:59.733 --> 00:12:01.733
AND THE REST OF THE
CANADIANS DIDN'T KNOW
00:12:01.866 --> 00:12:04.533
OF LONDON'S EARLIER CALCULATION
THAT THESE DEFENSES
00:12:04.666 --> 00:12:08.233
WOULD NOT SURVIVE LONG
IF THE JAPANESE ATTACKED.
00:12:08.366 --> 00:12:11.666
BOB CLAYTON REMEMBERS THE
BRITISH MAKING FUN OF THE ENEMY.
00:12:11.800 --> 00:12:13.400
[ BOB CLAYTON ]: SOMEBODY
ASKED HIM, YOU KNOW,
00:12:13.533 --> 00:12:15.600
IF THEY THOUGHT THE JAPANESE
WERE GONNA DO ANYTHING...
00:12:15.733 --> 00:12:19.133
AND THEY JUST SOUNDED LIKE,
HELL, THEY MIGHT MISS A CUP
00:12:19.266 --> 00:12:21.866
OF TEA WHILE THEY WERE SENDING
THEM BACK ON THEIR WAY,
00:12:22.066 --> 00:12:23.600
BUT THEY WEREN'T
ANYTHING TO WORRY ABOUT.
00:12:23.733 --> 00:12:25.133
[ BOB MANCHESTER ]:
AND THEY WERE SAYING,
00:12:25.266 --> 00:12:26.600
"DON'T WORRY
ABOUT THE JAPANESE."
00:12:26.733 --> 00:12:28.833
"THEY CAN'T SEE AT NIGHT;
THEY ALL WEAR GLASSES;"
00:12:28.966 --> 00:12:31.333
"THEY HAVE NO AIR FORCE --
IT NEVER FLIES AT NIGHT."
00:12:31.466 --> 00:12:33.333
[ CLAYTON ]: WE WERE MORE
INTERESTED IN THE GIRLS
00:12:33.466 --> 00:12:36.800
IN WANXIAN THAN WE WERE IN THE
JAPANESE COMING OVER THE BORDER.
00:12:40.566 --> 00:12:42.100
[ NARRATOR ]: SIGNS OF
THE LEGENDARY NIGHTLIFE
00:12:42.233 --> 00:12:44.433
OF HONG KONG BRING BACK MEMORIES
00:12:44.566 --> 00:12:46.633
FOR THE TWO CANADIAN
WAR VETERANS --
00:12:46.766 --> 00:12:50.200
MEMORIES OF THE SHORT,
HAPPY THREE WEEKS BEFORE WAR.
00:12:53.366 --> 00:12:54.800
PAID BETTER THAN
BRITISH SOLDIERS,
00:12:54.933 --> 00:12:56.300
THE CANADIANS WERE ASTONISHED
00:12:56.433 --> 00:12:58.100
AT WHAT THEIR MONEY WOULD BUY.
00:13:00.700 --> 00:13:02.100
EVERYTHING WAS CHEAP.
00:13:02.233 --> 00:13:03.600
BEER WAS 10 CENTS A BOTTLE.
00:13:03.733 --> 00:13:07.766
RICKSHAW RIDES WERE 10 CENTS
A CRACK, AND YOU COULD PICK UP
00:13:07.900 --> 00:13:11.066
MOST ANYTHING FOR
A GOOD CANADIAN BUCK --
00:13:11.133 --> 00:13:14.466
LONG TIME, SHORT TIME, MEDIUM.
00:13:14.600 --> 00:13:17.066
HEY, ROBERT,
LOOK AT THIS HERE.
00:13:17.133 --> 00:13:18.533
AND THEN, OF COURSE,
00:13:18.666 --> 00:13:20.466
THERE WERE THE TATTOO PARLOURS.
00:13:20.600 --> 00:13:22.766
THAT'S WHERE BOB CLAYTON BOUGHT
HIMSELF AN INDELIBLE MEMORY
00:13:22.900 --> 00:13:24.900
OF HIS HONG KONG ADVENTURE --
00:13:25.066 --> 00:13:27.766
HIS REGIMENTAL CREST
AND THE WORD "MOTHER".
00:13:27.900 --> 00:13:29.266
HE PAINTS IT ON YOUR ARM,
00:13:29.400 --> 00:13:31.266
AND THEN HE JUST
COMES ALONG WITH A...
00:13:31.400 --> 00:13:33.466
IT HURT LIKE HELL, TOO.
00:13:33.600 --> 00:13:36.633
I GUESS THEY THOUGHT HERE WE
WERE A LITTLE NUTS, YOU KNOW?
00:13:36.766 --> 00:13:38.133
AND THE RICKSHAW GUY,
HE'S RUNNING
00:13:38.266 --> 00:13:39.733
RIGHT BY THE BRITISH SOLDIER.
00:13:39.866 --> 00:13:42.366
HE WANTS TO GET TO THE CANADIAN,
'CAUSE THE CANADIAN
00:13:42.500 --> 00:13:45.633
AIN'T GIVING HIM A DIME -- HE'S
GIVING HIM A HONG KONG DOLLAR.
00:13:45.766 --> 00:13:47.666
YOU KNOW, THESE GUYS WONDERED
WHAT STRUCK THEM.
00:13:47.800 --> 00:13:51.066
NOT ONLY THAT, THE CANADIAN
ENDS UP PULLING THE RICKSHAW GUY
00:13:51.200 --> 00:13:53.366
UP THE STREET, THE RICKSHAW
GUY'S IN THE RICKSHAW,
00:13:53.500 --> 00:13:55.600
AND THE CANADIAN'S GOT
A HOLD OF THE SHAFTS,
00:13:55.733 --> 00:13:58.233
AND HE'S JUST TROTTING HIM
RIGHT UP THERE, YOU KNOW?
00:14:06.066 --> 00:14:08.433
IN HONG KONG IN 1941
00:14:08.566 --> 00:14:09.933
THE CHINESE WERE ASSIGNED
00:14:10.066 --> 00:14:12.166
TO PULL RICKSHAWS AND SERVE
THEIR WHITE MASTERS.
00:14:12.300 --> 00:14:14.700
AND JUST TO SURVIVE,
THEY HAD TO LEARN
00:14:14.833 --> 00:14:18.233
TO STAY OUT OF THE PATH
OF BRITISH DRIVERS.
00:14:18.366 --> 00:14:20.633
IKE FREISEN OF MANITOBA
WAS BRIEFED
00:14:20.766 --> 00:14:24.466
ON THE RULES OF THE ROAD
BY A BRITISH OFFICER.
00:14:24.600 --> 00:14:27.500
HE SAYS, "IF YOU'RE DRIVING
DOWN THE STREETS IN THE CITY"
00:14:27.633 --> 00:14:30.433
"OF KOWLOON, AND
YOU HIT A CHINAMAN,"
00:14:30.566 --> 00:14:32.666
"YOU LOOK BACK IN
YOUR REAR-VIEW MIRROR,"
00:14:32.800 --> 00:14:35.666
"AND IF HE'S STILL KICKING,
YOU BACK THAT TRUCK UP"
00:14:35.800 --> 00:14:38.066
"AND RUN OVER HIM AGAIN."
00:14:38.133 --> 00:14:42.833
HE SAYS, "BECAUSE IF YOU SEND
HIM TO THE HOSPITAL,"
00:14:42.966 --> 00:14:46.133
"IT'LL COST YOU
THE HOSPITAL BILL."
00:14:46.266 --> 00:14:51.666
"IF YOU KILL HIM, IT WILL ONLY
COST YOU $5 FOR BURIAL."
00:14:51.800 --> 00:14:54.366
IT'S AS SIMPLE AS THAT.
00:14:54.500 --> 00:14:58.300
THAT'S HOW MUCH A CHINESE
COOLIE'S LIFE IS WORTH.
WEBVTT
X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=LOCAL:00:00:00.000,MPEGTS:188088
00:15:02.466 --> 00:15:04.433
THE CANADIANS SAVOURED
THEIR LEISURE MOMENTS
00:15:04.566 --> 00:15:06.400
AND WROTE THEIR
FIRST LETTERS HOME.
00:15:06.533 --> 00:15:08.666
JOHN PAYNE WAS ENJOYING
THIS NEW ADVENTURE.
00:15:08.800 --> 00:15:10.233
DEAR MOTHER,
00:15:10.366 --> 00:15:12.400
SO FAR SO GOOD.
00:15:12.533 --> 00:15:16.400
I'M NOT ALLOWED TO SAY WHERE WE
ARE, BUT OVERALL, IT'S TOP HOLE.
00:15:16.533 --> 00:15:18.666
FOR 60 CENTS A WEEK,
CANADIAN, I HAVE A HOUSEBOY
00:15:18.800 --> 00:15:21.866
TO DO MY CLEANING,
WASHING AND ODD JOBS.
00:15:22.066 --> 00:15:24.366
WITH THE GUYS,
I CELEBRATED MY BIRTHDAY
00:15:24.500 --> 00:15:26.933
OVER AT A PLACE CALLED JINGLES,
WHICH IS SOMETHING
00:15:27.066 --> 00:15:30.333
THAT MY POCKETS DIDN'T DO
WHEN I GOT HOME.
00:15:30.466 --> 00:15:33.366
TONIGHT I'M READING
DUMAS' BLACK TULIP.
00:15:33.500 --> 00:15:36.633
I'M SERIOUSLY THINKING
OF WRITING A BOOK,
00:15:36.766 --> 00:15:39.066
IF ONLY I COULD
THINK OF A CLIMAX.
00:15:52.633 --> 00:15:54.833
[ NARRATOR ]: AT THE BORDER
WITH THE REST OF CHINA,
00:15:54.966 --> 00:15:57.933
THE CURTAIN WAS ABOUT
TO RISE ON A TRAGEDY.
00:16:00.800 --> 00:16:02.166
BRITISH INTELLIGENCE
00:16:02.300 --> 00:16:03.666
ESTIMATED THAT THERE WERE
00:16:03.800 --> 00:16:06.500
ONLY 5,000 JAPANESE
SOLDIERS IN POSITION
00:16:06.633 --> 00:16:08.133
TO THREATEN HONG KONG.
00:16:11.866 --> 00:16:15.700
IN FACT, THERE WERE
10 TIMES THAT MANY:
00:16:15.833 --> 00:16:19.600
50,000 BATTLE-HARDENED VETERANS
OF THE IMPERIAL JAPANESE ARMY
00:16:19.733 --> 00:16:21.233
ASSEMBLING ON THE BORDER.
00:16:21.366 --> 00:16:23.900
THE FIVE-YEAR LAND
CAMPAIGN IN CHINA
00:16:24.066 --> 00:16:26.500
GAVE THEM PRECIOUS EXPERIENCE.
00:16:26.633 --> 00:16:29.133
SUPERIOR WEAPONS
AND TRAINING GAVE THEM
00:16:29.266 --> 00:16:30.633
CONFIDENCE.
00:16:30.766 --> 00:16:33.233
[ SHOUTING ]
00:16:33.366 --> 00:16:35.233
THE EMPEROR GAVE THEM A CAUSE.
00:16:35.366 --> 00:16:37.233
[ SHOUTING ]
00:16:37.366 --> 00:16:38.733
[ SPEAKING JAPANESE ]
00:16:38.866 --> 00:16:40.233
[ INTERPRETER ]: WHEN
YOU ENCOUNTER THE ENEMY,
00:16:40.366 --> 00:16:43.300
REGARD YOURSELF AS IF YOU WERE
AN AVENGER COME FACE TO FACE
00:16:43.433 --> 00:16:45.300
WITH HIS FATHER'S MURDERER.
00:16:45.433 --> 00:16:47.100
IF YOU FAIL TO
DESTROY HIM UTTERLY,
00:16:47.233 --> 00:16:49.666
YOU CAN NEVER REST AT PEACE.
00:16:54.466 --> 00:16:57.133
[ NARRATOR ]: IN THE EARLY HOURS
OF SUNDAY, DECEMBER 7th,
00:16:57.266 --> 00:16:59.066
THE JAPANESE HIGH COMMAND
00:16:59.200 --> 00:17:01.900
ORDERED ITS FORCES
INTO ACTION ACROSS ASIA.
00:17:03.433 --> 00:17:07.400
AT 7:50 A.M. CAME THE SURPRISE
ATTACK ON THE AMERICAN FORCES
00:17:07.533 --> 00:17:09.066
IN PEARL HARBOR.
00:17:23.800 --> 00:17:28.066
OVERSHADOWED AND OFTEN FORGOTTEN
ARE THE OTHER JAPANESE ATTACKS
00:17:28.133 --> 00:17:31.833
IN THE HOURS AFTER PEARL
HARBOR -- THE PHILIPPINES,
00:17:31.966 --> 00:17:33.633
MALAYA, AND THEN
00:17:33.766 --> 00:17:35.266
HONG KONG.
00:17:38.066 --> 00:17:40.666
[ CLAYTON ]: I TAKE A LOOK UP,
AND THERE'S THIS "V"
00:17:40.800 --> 00:17:43.200
OF AIRPLANES COMING OVER,
AND I HEARD A BRITISH VOICE SAY,
00:17:43.333 --> 00:17:45.333
"OH, THEY MUST BE
UP FROM SINGAPORE."
00:17:45.466 --> 00:17:48.100
WE'RE LOOKING AT THESE,
AND ALL OF A SUDDEN, HOLY JESUS,
00:17:48.233 --> 00:17:50.600
THESE BLACK OBJECTS STARTED
TO DROP OUT OF THE BOTTOM.
00:17:50.733 --> 00:17:52.100
WELL, I'VE NEVER
BEEN BOMBED BEFORE,
00:17:52.233 --> 00:17:53.600
BUT I'M NOT STUPID, YOU KNOW.
00:17:53.733 --> 00:17:55.833
I WAS THE FIRST GUY
IN THE BIG DITCH
00:17:55.966 --> 00:17:57.400
THAT'S RIGHT BESIDE THE PLATE.
00:17:57.533 --> 00:18:00.766
I WAS IN THERE HEADFIRST, AND
THAT DITCH IS DEEPER THAN I AM.
00:18:03.633 --> 00:18:05.066
AT THE CHINESE BORDER,
00:18:05.166 --> 00:18:09.633
JAPANESE GROUND TROOPS CROSSED
EASILY INTO HONG KONG TERRITORY.
00:18:09.766 --> 00:18:12.233
SOON THERE WAS
00:18:12.366 --> 00:18:14.633
AN ARTILLERY DUEL WITH
THE RETREATING BRITISH.
00:18:14.766 --> 00:18:17.766
KATONG, TONG, SH-SH-SH-SH...
00:18:17.900 --> 00:18:20.700
THE SOUNDS OF HIS OWN SHELLS,
OUTGOING, ARE STILL VIVID
00:18:20.833 --> 00:18:25.500
FOR JAPANESE MOUNTAIN GUNNER,
SHIGATOKI HOSOKI.
00:18:25.633 --> 00:18:27.100
[ IMITATING OUTGOING SHELLS ]
00:18:27.233 --> 00:18:29.300
BUT THE HONG KONG VETERAN
ESPECIALLY REMEMBERS
00:18:29.433 --> 00:18:31.600
BRITISH SHELLS, INCOMING.
00:18:31.733 --> 00:18:33.500
[ IMITATING INCOMING SHELLS ]
00:18:39.533 --> 00:18:41.966
UNDER COVER OF ARTILLERY,
THE JAPANESE BEGAN
00:18:42.100 --> 00:18:45.333
A 40-KILOMETRE TREK TOWARDS
THE GIN DRINKER'S LINE.
00:18:45.466 --> 00:18:48.366
THE BRITISH CALCULATED
IT WOULD TAKE A WEEK.
00:18:48.500 --> 00:18:51.733
BUT 12 HOURS LATER,
THE JAPANESE PATROL,
00:18:51.866 --> 00:18:55.366
LED BY AN ENTERPRISING OFFICER,
REACHED THE BRITISH POSITION.
00:19:00.100 --> 00:19:01.466
THIS OFFICER
00:19:01.600 --> 00:19:02.966
HAD RECONNOITRED AND FOUND OUT
00:19:03.100 --> 00:19:05.200
THAT THIS WAS THE MAIN
HINGE IN THE LINE.
00:19:05.333 --> 00:19:06.700
WHEN THIS WENT, THE LINE WENT.
00:19:06.833 --> 00:19:08.533
THAT WAS THE END OF THE LINE.
00:19:08.666 --> 00:19:12.100
UNSEEN AT THE EDGE OF
THE RESERVOIR, THE JAPANESE
00:19:12.233 --> 00:19:15.833
SCANNED THIS HILL, LOOKING
FOR SIGNS OF BRITISH TROOPS.
00:19:15.966 --> 00:19:19.600
SUDDENLY THEY SAW UNDERWEAR
AND SOCKS WAVING IN THE BREEZE.
00:19:19.733 --> 00:19:22.100
[ SPEAKING JAPANESE ]
00:19:22.233 --> 00:19:23.600
[ INTERPRETER ]:
TO OUR SURPRISE,
00:19:23.733 --> 00:19:26.600
WE SPOTTED LAUNDRY
DRYING ON THE LINE.
00:19:26.733 --> 00:19:29.733
WE SOON REALIZED
WHERE TO ATTACK.
00:19:43.366 --> 00:19:45.833
WITH GRAPPLING HOOKS,
THEY SCALED THESE CLIFFS
00:19:45.966 --> 00:19:49.600
AND SURPRISED THE SCOTTISH
SOLDIERS IN THE BUNKERS BELOW.
00:19:49.733 --> 00:19:51.400
[ CLAYTON ]:
THEY GOT UP HERE AND GOT
00:19:51.533 --> 00:19:55.233
TO THE VENTILATOR SHAFTS
AND WERE STILL UNDETECTED.
00:19:55.366 --> 00:19:58.533
IT WAS A COMPLETE SURPRISE.
00:19:58.666 --> 00:20:00.000
AND I CAN JUST IMAGINE
THESE FELLOWS BEING IN HERE --
WEBVTT
X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=LOCAL:00:00:00.000,MPEGTS:188088
00:20:00.000 --> 00:20:02.100
AND I CAN JUST IMAGINE
THESE FELLOWS BEING IN HERE --
00:20:02.233 --> 00:20:04.033
SOME MIGHT BE SLEEPING,
OTHERS SITTING UP
00:20:04.166 --> 00:20:05.533
SHOOTING THE GUFF
OR SOMETHING --
00:20:05.666 --> 00:20:07.300
AND THESE JAPANESE ARE OUTSIDE.
00:20:07.433 --> 00:20:09.033
THEY STARTED DROPPING
THEIR GRENADES INTO HERE
00:20:09.166 --> 00:20:11.566
IT MUST HAVE BEEN
AN AWFUL SHOCK TO THESE GUYS.
00:20:11.700 --> 00:20:14.533
AND MANY A GOOD SCOTSMAN
DIED DOWN HERE.
00:20:14.666 --> 00:20:16.033
[ MANCHESTER ]:
MOSTLY?
00:20:16.166 --> 00:20:19.533
YEAH, A LOT OF GOOD MEN
WENT DOWN HERE.
00:20:19.666 --> 00:20:21.033
[ NARRATOR ]:
THE GIN DRINKER'S LINE
00:20:21.166 --> 00:20:23.766
WAS SUPPOSED TO HOLD OUT
FOR WEEKS.
00:20:23.900 --> 00:20:26.466
THE JAPANESE TOOK IT
IN A FEW HOURS.
00:20:26.600 --> 00:20:28.900
THE PRECIOUS NORTHERN RESERVOIR
WAS NOW CONTROLLED
00:20:29.033 --> 00:20:31.400
BY THE IMPERIAL JAPANESE ARMY --
00:20:31.533 --> 00:20:34.366
THE COLONY'S WATER
SUPPLY IN PERIL.
00:20:39.666 --> 00:20:42.200
THE MOMENTUM OF THE BATTLE
WAS NOW WITH THE JAPANESE,
00:20:42.333 --> 00:20:44.666
AND SOON THEY WERE
ON THE OUTSKIRTS OF KOWLOON,
00:20:44.800 --> 00:20:48.333
THE MAINLAND PART OF HONG KONG.
00:20:48.466 --> 00:20:50.900
THE WINNIPEG GRENADIERS
JOINED OTHER DEFENDERS
00:20:51.033 --> 00:20:52.666
FIGHTING A REARGUARD ACTION.
00:20:55.000 --> 00:20:57.333
EVERYONE WAS HANDED A RIFLE --
00:20:57.466 --> 00:21:00.533
EVEN ARMY TELEPHONE LINEMAN,
WALTER JENKINS.
00:21:02.100 --> 00:21:03.466
EVERYBODY GETS THE WIND UP, SEE?
00:21:03.600 --> 00:21:05.466
HEY, THE JAPS ARE
COMING DOWN THE ROAD.
00:21:05.600 --> 00:21:07.666
THIS IS THE MAIN ROAD
IN HONG KONG, RIGHT?
00:21:07.800 --> 00:21:09.166
EVERBODY OUT.
EVERYBODY GETS DOWN THERE.
00:21:09.300 --> 00:21:10.666
THEY'RE BEHIND
THESE SANDBAGS, RIGHT?
00:21:10.800 --> 00:21:13.666
I SAID TO THE SERGEANT --
ALWAYS AN EFFICIENT SERGEANT
00:21:13.800 --> 00:21:16.166
AROUND THERE -- I SAYS,
"HEY, I HAVEN'T GOT A SANDBAG."
00:21:16.300 --> 00:21:19.133
"AW, DON'T WORRY ABOUT IT --
IT'LL JUST GET IN YOUR WAY."
00:21:19.266 --> 00:21:21.100
AND I'M THINKING, "WELL..."
00:21:21.233 --> 00:21:24.600
"THAT'S WHAT I WANT
THE FUCKING THING FOR."
00:21:27.500 --> 00:21:30.100
[ NARRATOR ]: EVERYONE SCRAMBLED
FOR A PLACE ON THE FEW BOATS
00:21:30.233 --> 00:21:31.966
BACK FROM KOWLOON TO THE ISLAND.
00:21:34.066 --> 00:21:37.433
[ EXPLOSION ]
00:21:40.866 --> 00:21:43.600
CANADIAN TROOPS COMANDEERED
THE LAST FERRY.
00:21:43.733 --> 00:21:48.066
BUT A 21-YEAR-OLD MANITOBA
FARM BOY MISSED THE BOAT.
00:21:48.166 --> 00:21:50.900
JOHN GREY, THE ELDEST
OF SEVEN CHILDREN,
00:21:51.066 --> 00:21:54.066
WAS CAPTURED BY THE
JAPANESE AND EXECUTED.
00:21:55.700 --> 00:21:58.766
HE BECAME THE FIRST CANADIAN
INFANTRYMAN TO DIE IN COMBAT
00:21:58.900 --> 00:22:00.500
IN THE SECOND WORLD WAR.
00:22:05.766 --> 00:22:07.166
SHORTLY AFTER THE EVACUATION,
00:22:07.300 --> 00:22:10.066
THE JAPANESE COMMANDERS PARADED
THROUGH THE CITY OF KOWLOON
00:22:10.200 --> 00:22:12.700
WITH SOME OF THEIR
OTHER PRISONERS.
00:22:12.833 --> 00:22:14.400
AND THEN MOST OF THE COMMANDERS
00:22:14.533 --> 00:22:16.600
TURNED THE TOWN OVER
TO THEIR SOLDIERS.
00:22:16.733 --> 00:22:19.566
ALL CHINESE WOMEN WERE DECLARED
TO BE PROSTITUTES...
00:22:19.700 --> 00:22:21.600
AND FREE.
00:22:21.733 --> 00:22:23.233
THE RAPING AND PILLAGING BEGAN.
00:22:23.366 --> 00:22:26.066
[ SHOUTING ]
00:22:32.233 --> 00:22:34.600
THE CANADIANS JUST ON THE
OTHER SIDE OF THIS HARBOUR
00:22:34.733 --> 00:22:36.566
COULD HEAR IT ALL.
00:22:36.700 --> 00:22:38.066
IT WAS HORRIBLE.
00:22:38.200 --> 00:22:40.600
THE SCREAMS AND-- ALL
NIGHT LONG WAS JUST--
00:22:40.733 --> 00:22:42.100
I DON'T WHAT THEY WERE DOING.
00:22:42.233 --> 00:22:44.100
I GUESS THEY WERE LOOTING
AND EVERYTHING ELSE,
00:22:44.233 --> 00:22:48.100
BUT THAT WHOLE CITY WAS JUST ONE
MASSIVE SCREAM ALL NIGHT LONG.
00:22:48.233 --> 00:22:51.400
JUST RAISED THE HAIR
ON THE BACK OF YOUR HEAD.
00:22:53.233 --> 00:22:54.600
[ NARRATOR ]: THE JAPANESE
PROPAGANDA LEAFLETS
00:22:54.733 --> 00:22:56.500
DROPPED ON THE DEFENDERS
00:22:56.633 --> 00:22:59.266
PROMISED FAIR PLAY
FOR ANYONE SURRENDERING
00:22:59.400 --> 00:23:02.566
BUT ALSO ACCURATELY DEPICTED
THE MILITARY SITUATION:
00:23:02.700 --> 00:23:04.833
THE JAPANESE FIRMLY
ON THE MAINLAND,
00:23:04.966 --> 00:23:08.100
THE SMALLER DEFENDING FORCES
STRANDED AND SURROUNDED
00:23:08.233 --> 00:23:11.066
ON HONG KONG ISLAND.
00:23:13.633 --> 00:23:16.333
THEN A PEACE MISSION WAS
DISPATCHED TO THE ISLAND
00:23:16.466 --> 00:23:18.066
WITH THE MESSAGE THAT SURRENDER
00:23:18.133 --> 00:23:20.833
WAS THE ONLY WAY
TO AVOID ANNIHILATION.
00:23:23.066 --> 00:23:26.366
THE JAPANESE DIDN'T HAVE
TO WAIT LONG FOR THEIR ANSWER.
00:23:26.500 --> 00:23:29.800
AFTER ONLY 15 MINUTES,
THE BRITISH COMMANDER
00:23:29.933 --> 00:23:33.466
SENT BACK HIS
ONE-WORD ANSWER: NO.
00:23:33.600 --> 00:23:36.666
[ SHOUTING ]
00:23:36.800 --> 00:23:39.233
THE STAGE WAS SET
FOR A DESPERATE SIEGE.
00:23:39.366 --> 00:23:42.600
THE CANADIANS HAD OFTEN BEEN
ASSURED THAT HONG KONG ISLAND
00:23:42.733 --> 00:23:44.900
WAS AN IMPREGNABLE FORTRESS.
00:23:45.066 --> 00:24:03.533
NOW THEY WERE NOT SO SURE.
00:24:03.666 --> 00:24:05.633
[ NARRATOR ]: ON DECEMBER 13th,
00:24:05.766 --> 00:24:07.433
1941, THE JAPANESE BEGAN
00:24:07.566 --> 00:24:09.066
A FIVE-DAY BOMBARDMENT
00:24:09.133 --> 00:24:10.600
OF THE ISLAND OF HONG KONG,
00:24:10.733 --> 00:24:14.600
SOFTENING IT UP FOR
THE COMING AMPHIBIOUS ASSAULT.
00:24:14.733 --> 00:24:17.566
THE JAPANESE ATTACKERS
WERE OFTEN AS APPREHENSIVE
00:24:17.700 --> 00:24:19.566
AS THE DEFENDERS.
00:24:19.700 --> 00:24:24.066
SHUICHI KAMATO WAS THERE --
A 22-YEAR-OLD CONSCRIPT
00:24:24.166 --> 00:24:26.733
COMMANDING A 25-MAN PLATOON.
00:24:26.866 --> 00:24:28.600
[ SPEAKING JAPANESE ]
00:24:31.600 --> 00:24:34.733
HE HAD HEARD THAT HONG KONG
WAS A VERY STRONG CASTLE
00:24:34.866 --> 00:24:37.066
THAT WOULD TAKE 100 YEARS
TO DESTROY...
00:24:41.200 --> 00:24:43.200
AND SO AS HE PREPARED
FOR THE BATTLE,
00:24:43.333 --> 00:24:45.500
HE PREPARED FOR HIS OWN DEATH.
00:24:48.833 --> 00:24:52.400
THE BRITISH COMMANDERS HAD
ALWAYS EXPECTED AN ATTACK
00:24:52.533 --> 00:24:55.800
FROM THE SEA, AND SO HAD PLACED
MOST OF THEIR FORTIFICATIONS
00:24:55.933 --> 00:24:58.066
AT THE BOTTOM OF THE ISLAND.
00:24:58.133 --> 00:25:00.000
THEY STILL EXPECTED A JAPANESE
ATTACK FROM THE SEA,
WEBVTT
X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=LOCAL:00:00:00.000,MPEGTS:188088
00:25:00.000 --> 00:25:00.466
THEY STILL EXPECTED A JAPANESE
ATTACK FROM THE SEA,
00:25:00.600 --> 00:25:01.966
EVEN THOUGH THE ENEMY WAS NOW
00:25:02.100 --> 00:25:04.966
IN CONTROL OF THE MAINLAND
ON THE OTHER SIDE.
00:25:05.100 --> 00:25:08.466
ALL THE JAPANESE HAD TO DO
WAS CROSS THE HARBOUR.
00:25:08.600 --> 00:25:10.200
CANADA'S ROYAL RIFLES
WERE PLACED
00:25:10.333 --> 00:25:15.866
AT THE NARROWEST CROSSING
POINT, LYE MUN PASSAGE.
00:25:18.633 --> 00:25:20.900
THE BRITISH COMMANDER SAID
THE JAPANESE WOULD NEVER
00:25:21.066 --> 00:25:22.966
COME ACROSS THE WATER AT NIGHT.
00:25:23.100 --> 00:25:26.600
CANADIANS WERE ASSURED THAT THE
JAPANESE WERE RACIALLY PRONE
00:25:26.733 --> 00:25:28.966
TO SEASICKNESS.
00:25:29.100 --> 00:25:31.700
BECAUSE OF THEIR EYE SHAPE,
00:25:31.833 --> 00:25:35.166
THEIR NIGHT VISION
WAS SUPPOSED TO BE POOR.
00:25:35.300 --> 00:25:39.133
BOTH SIDES REDUCED THE ENEMY
TO A RACIAL CARICATURE.
00:25:39.266 --> 00:25:41.233
[ SPEAKING JAPANESE ]
00:25:41.366 --> 00:25:45.466
[ TRANSLATOR ]: WESTERNERS THINK
THEMSELVES VERY SUPERIOR PEOPLE
00:25:45.600 --> 00:25:50.466
BUT ARE REALLY VERY EFFEMINATE
AND VERY COWARDLY.
00:25:50.600 --> 00:25:54.233
THEY HAVE AN INTENSE DISLIKE
OF FIGHTING IN THE RAIN
00:25:54.366 --> 00:25:58.966
OR AT NIGHT, SO THAT
IS HOW WE ATTACK.
00:26:04.100 --> 00:26:06.366
[ NARRATOR ]: AT 10:00 P.M.,
ON DECEMBER 18th,
00:26:06.500 --> 00:26:08.700
THE JAPANESE CROSSED
TO THE ISLAND
00:26:08.833 --> 00:26:10.200
ROYAL RIFLEMAN JOHN STROUD
00:26:10.333 --> 00:26:12.366
WAS IN HIS TRENCH WAITING.
00:26:12.500 --> 00:26:14.800
IT WAS DARK.
00:26:14.933 --> 00:26:16.433
WE HEARD SOMEONE COMING,
00:26:16.566 --> 00:26:19.200
BUT HE SAID,
"DON'T WORRY. IT'S ME, JOE."
00:26:19.333 --> 00:26:24.600
AND THEN HE LUNGED AND THRUST
HIS BAYONET INTO MY LEG.
00:26:24.733 --> 00:26:26.700
[ SCREAMING ]
00:26:26.833 --> 00:26:29.766
IT WAS A JAP, BUT HE SAID,
00:26:29.900 --> 00:26:34.100
"IT'S ME, JOE," IN PERFECT
ENGLISH, NOT EVEN AN ACCENT.
00:26:37.133 --> 00:26:39.700
AND THEN THE JAPANESE
WERE ALL OVER US.
00:26:39.833 --> 00:26:42.566
[ GUNS FIRING ]
00:26:42.700 --> 00:26:44.466
[ NARRATOR ]: THE CANADIANS
FOUND THEMSELVES
00:26:44.600 --> 00:26:46.200
UNDER FIRE IN THE PITCH BLACK.
00:26:46.333 --> 00:26:48.833
JOHN PAYNE PHONED BRITISH
HEADQUARTERS TO REPORT
00:26:48.966 --> 00:26:51.433
THAT THE JAPANESE
HAD COME ASHORE.
00:26:51.566 --> 00:26:53.200
I GOT A BRITISH STAFF OFFICER
00:26:53.333 --> 00:26:54.966
AND TOLD HIM
THE JAPANESE HAD LANDED.
00:26:55.100 --> 00:26:58.666
I SAID WE NEEDED ARTILLERY
SUPPORT AND QUICKLY.
00:26:58.800 --> 00:27:01.366
HE TELLS ME
THERE'S NO POSSIBILITY
00:27:01.500 --> 00:27:04.166
THE JAPANESE ARE ON THE ISLAND.
00:27:04.300 --> 00:27:08.500
WE'RE COMMANDED BY THESE
BRITISH IMPERIAL TYPES.
00:27:08.633 --> 00:27:11.766
SOME OF THEM JUST DON'T
TRUST US COLONIALS.
00:27:11.900 --> 00:27:16.600
HE ACTUALLY TOLD ME
THAT I MUST BE DREAMING.
00:27:21.600 --> 00:27:23.700
[ NARRATOR ]: ON THAT
FIRST NIGHT OF THE INVASION,
00:27:23.833 --> 00:27:26.966
AS BOB CLAYTON WAS WALKING UP
THIS ROAD AT LYE MUN,
00:27:27.100 --> 00:27:30.833
HE HAD HIS FIRST
ENCOUNTER WITH THE JAPANESE.
00:27:30.966 --> 00:27:32.833
[ BOB CLAYTON ]:
MY PLATOON OFFICER SENT ME
00:27:32.966 --> 00:27:34.933
DOWN TO PICK UP A FLARE PISTOL.
00:27:35.066 --> 00:27:38.066
THIS IS 1:00, 2:00
IN THE MORNING, DARK.
00:27:38.200 --> 00:27:40.500
I'M COMING BACK UP THE ROAD
00:27:40.633 --> 00:27:43.666
AND ALL OF A SUDDEN,
RIGHT IN FRONT ME,
00:27:43.800 --> 00:27:46.566
A SHEET OF FLAME COME UP
AND HIT ME IN THE FACE.
00:27:46.700 --> 00:27:48.966
[ GUN FIRING ]
00:27:49.100 --> 00:27:51.900
I SPUN AROUND THREE TIMES.
00:27:52.066 --> 00:27:54.200
I LANDED DOWN ON THE ROAD.
00:27:54.333 --> 00:27:58.900
I DIDN'T FEEL ANY PAIN OR
ANYTHING, BUT I COULDN'T GET UP.
00:27:59.066 --> 00:28:01.600
I CRAWLED UP THE ROAD.
00:28:01.733 --> 00:28:04.700
I CALLED FOR MY PLATOON OFFICER,
AND IT'S PITCH BLACK.
00:28:04.833 --> 00:28:09.100
AND HE SAID, "DID YOU
GET THE FLARE PISTOLS?"
00:28:09.233 --> 00:28:10.600
AND I SAID, "NO, SIR."
00:28:10.733 --> 00:28:13.100
HE SAID, "YOU'LL HAVE
TO GO BACK AND GET THEM."
00:28:13.233 --> 00:28:15.066
I SAID, "I CAN'T,
I'VE BEEN HIT."
00:28:17.066 --> 00:28:19.200
[ NARRATOR ]: CLAYTON WAS
DRAGGED INTO A SMALL BUNKER
00:28:19.333 --> 00:28:21.966
AT LYE MUN AND LEFT ALONE.
00:28:22.100 --> 00:28:24.333
ABOUT 10 MINUTES GO BY,
AND I THOUGHT, "BOY,"
00:28:24.466 --> 00:28:27.566
"WHEN THOSE JAPS GET IN HERE,
I'M GOING TO GET A SHORT SHIFT."
00:28:27.700 --> 00:28:29.066
"I'M GOING TO GET THE BAYONET."
00:28:29.200 --> 00:28:31.700
SO, HAH, YOU GET
THE WIND UP, YOU KNOW.
00:28:31.833 --> 00:28:34.700
I HAD A HAND GRENADE STRAPPED
ON HERE, AND I THOUGHT, HELL.
00:28:34.833 --> 00:28:37.600
I TOOK THE HAND GRENADE OUT
AND TOOK THE PIN OUT.
00:28:37.733 --> 00:28:39.833
I THOUGHT THIS IS EASIER
THAN THEM GETTING HERE.
00:28:39.966 --> 00:28:41.833
I WAS GOING TO LET THE LEVER GO
00:28:41.966 --> 00:28:43.600
AND PUT THE GRENADE
AGAINST MY CHEST,
00:28:43.733 --> 00:28:45.466
AND THEN I HAD SECOND THOUGHTS.
00:28:45.600 --> 00:28:48.466
AND I THOUGHT THAT'S A GODDAMNED
COWARD'S WAY TO DO IT.
00:28:48.600 --> 00:28:50.400
I SHOULD TAKE SOME
OF THOSE BASTARDS
00:28:50.533 --> 00:28:52.066
WITH ME WHEN THEY GET HERE.
00:28:58.800 --> 00:29:02.666
THE NEXT THING, IN WALKS THIS
LIEUTENANT SCOTT, AND HE SAYS,
00:29:02.800 --> 00:29:04.900
"I COME BACK TO SEE
IF YOU WERE HERE."
00:29:05.066 --> 00:29:07.133
HE SAYS, "GET ON MY BACK,"
AND I DID.
00:29:07.266 --> 00:29:09.866
WE WENT OUT THE DOOR,
AND WE STARTED UP THE ROAD,
00:29:10.066 --> 00:29:12.133
AND I SAID, "MR. SCOTT,
I'LL NEVER FORGET YOU"
00:29:12.266 --> 00:29:13.633
"AS LONG AS I LIVE."
00:29:13.766 --> 00:29:15.866
HE SAYS, "WE'LL
HAVE A DRINK SOME DAY."
00:29:18.600 --> 00:29:19.966
[ NARRATOR ]:
CLAYTON WAS BROUGHT
00:29:20.100 --> 00:29:23.233
TO A NEARBY
BRITISH FIELD HOSPITAL.
00:29:23.366 --> 00:29:25.500
I STILL GOT THE HAND GRENADE
IN MY HAND.
00:29:25.633 --> 00:29:28.200
IT WAS AN OLD MAJOR THERE,
A MEDICAL OFFICER, YOU KNOW.
00:29:28.333 --> 00:29:30.466
AND THE OLD ARMY
MAJOR'S BENDING OVER ME,
00:29:30.600 --> 00:29:32.700
FINALLY HE SAYS,
"WHAT YOU GOT IN YOUR HAND?"
00:29:32.833 --> 00:29:34.700
I SAID, "I GOT
A HAND GRENADE, SIR."
00:29:34.833 --> 00:29:36.200
HE SAYS, "WILL IT GO OFF?"
00:29:36.333 --> 00:29:39.200
I SAID, "SHE'LL GO OFF
IF I LET GO OF HER, BOY."
00:29:39.333 --> 00:29:43.166
HE SAID, "HOLY JESUS!" AND SO
THE NEXT THING, THEY COME IN
00:29:43.300 --> 00:29:45.166
I THINK IT WAS MALKEY
TOOK THE GRENADE.
00:29:45.300 --> 00:29:46.966
HE MADE SURE HE HELD THAT LEVER.
00:29:47.100 --> 00:29:48.700
AND THAT OLD LIMEY OFFICER,
00:29:48.833 --> 00:29:50.700
HE'S JUST MADDER
THAN HELL THEN, YOU KNOW.
00:29:50.833 --> 00:29:53.466
HE SAYS, "WHATEVER YOU DO,
ANYBODY WHO COMES IN ANY MORE,"
00:29:53.600 --> 00:29:55.233
HE SAYS, "I WANT TO HAVE THEM"
00:29:55.366 --> 00:29:56.700
"SEARCHED BEFORE
THEY COME IN HERE."
00:29:56.833 --> 00:30:00.000
AND BELIEVE IT OR NOT, JUST
ABOUT A COUPLE OF MINUTES LATER,
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00:30:00.000 --> 00:30:00.066
AND BELIEVE IT OR NOT, JUST
ABOUT A COUPLE OF MINUTES LATER,
00:30:00.100 --> 00:30:01.466
I HEARD THAT GRENADE GO OFF.
00:30:01.600 --> 00:30:04.400
THIS BUNKER WAS ON THE SIDE
OF A HILL, AND I GUESS
00:30:04.533 --> 00:30:06.900
THEY WENT AROUND THE CORNER
AND THREW IT DOWN THERE,
00:30:07.033 --> 00:30:09.133
AND I HEARD
THE DAMN GRENADE GO OFF, EH?
00:30:09.266 --> 00:30:12.400
SO IT ENDED UP, IT WAS FUNNY,
BUT IT WASN'T VERY FUNNY.
00:30:12.533 --> 00:30:14.133
BUT I'LL NEVER FORGET
THAT MR. SCOTT.
00:30:14.266 --> 00:30:15.900
HE WAS A VERY, VERY BRAVE MAN,
00:30:16.033 --> 00:30:17.900
BECAUSE I'D HAVE DIED
THAT NIGHT IN THAT--
00:30:18.033 --> 00:30:19.400
WHAT HAPPENED
TO HIM?
00:30:19.533 --> 00:30:22.400
WHAT HAPPENED TO HIM?
00:30:22.533 --> 00:30:24.400
WELL, WE NEVER
GOT OUR DRINK TOGETHER.
00:30:24.533 --> 00:30:27.400
THEY FOUND LIEUTENANT SCOTT
AND LIEUTENANT LISTER
00:30:27.533 --> 00:30:32.066
AND THREE OF OUR PRIVATES ALL
TIED TOGETHER AND BAYONETTED.
00:30:32.200 --> 00:30:34.033
THAT'S WHAT HAPPENED TO HIM.
00:30:41.766 --> 00:30:43.900
[ NARRATOR ]: BY THE TIME
BRITISH HEADQUARTERS
00:30:44.033 --> 00:30:45.833
ACCEPTED THAT
THE ATTACK WAS REAL,
00:30:45.966 --> 00:30:49.433
THE JAPANESE HAD
LANDED 7,500 SOLDIERS
00:30:49.566 --> 00:30:52.400
ON THE ISLAND OF HONG KONG.
00:30:52.533 --> 00:30:56.900
THEY STREAMED OVER IN BOATS
OF EVERY DESCRIPTION.
00:30:57.033 --> 00:30:59.666
SEASICKNESS WAS NOT A PROBLEM.
00:30:59.800 --> 00:31:01.900
MANY OF THE JAPANESE
SOLDIERS RATHER ENJOYED
00:31:02.066 --> 00:31:05.166
THEIR SHORT BOAT RIDE
OVER TO THE ISLAND.
00:31:05.300 --> 00:31:08.533
SOME EVEN REMEMBER
SINGING ALONG THE WAY.
00:31:16.533 --> 00:31:18.600
[ SINGING
IN JAPANESE ]
00:31:24.933 --> 00:31:28.066
INFANTRYMAN SHINSUKI ADAKI
RECALLS SINGING A SENTIMENTAL
00:31:28.166 --> 00:31:32.300
SAMURAI SONG ABOUT A SOLDIER
PINING FOR HIS MOTHER.
00:31:42.866 --> 00:31:46.700
THE JAPANESE FORCES SWEPT ACROSS
THE CHANNEL FROM THE MAINLAND
00:31:46.833 --> 00:31:48.500
AND ROLLED THE DEFENDERS BACK UP
00:31:48.633 --> 00:31:50.966
THE MOUNTAINS IN
THE CENTRE OF THE ISLAND.
00:31:51.100 --> 00:31:53.066
A KEY BATTLE TOOK PLACE
00:31:53.200 --> 00:31:57.800
AT THE CENTRAL MOUNTAIN PASS
CALLED THE WONG NEI CHONG GAP.
00:31:57.933 --> 00:32:01.066
TODAY IT'S STILL THE ONLY WAY
00:32:01.200 --> 00:32:03.700
THROUGH THE CENTRE
OF THE ISLAND.
00:32:06.600 --> 00:32:08.766
SERGEANT BOB MANCHESTER'S
FIGHT WAS HERE
00:32:08.900 --> 00:32:11.666
WITH THE WINNIPEG GRENADIERS.
00:32:11.800 --> 00:32:13.466
[ BOB MANCHESTER ]:
THERE MUST HAVE BEEN
00:32:13.600 --> 00:32:16.466
AT LEAST A DOZEN OFFICERS,
NCO's AND OTHER RANKS
00:32:16.600 --> 00:32:18.866
WHICH OPERATED
THIS COMMAND POST.
00:32:19.066 --> 00:32:20.366
THIS IS WEST BRIGADE
00:32:20.500 --> 00:32:22.533
COMMAND POST.
00:32:22.666 --> 00:32:24.466
[ NARRATOR ]:
THE CANADIAN COMMANDER
00:32:24.600 --> 00:32:26.100
WAS KILLED AT
HIS HEADQUARTERS HERE
00:32:26.233 --> 00:32:27.800
EARLY IN THE BATTLE.
00:32:33.333 --> 00:32:35.700
HANDFULS OF GRENADIERS STRUGGLED
00:32:35.833 --> 00:32:38.666
TO KEEP THE HIGH GROUND
AND SURPRISE
00:32:38.800 --> 00:32:40.300
THE JAPANESE BELOW THEM.
00:32:45.400 --> 00:32:47.666
THE BATTLE IS
BLOODY AND DESPERATE.
00:32:47.800 --> 00:32:51.666
A HUNDRED GRENADIERS ARE HOLDING
OFF TWO JAPANESE REGIMENTS.
00:32:51.800 --> 00:32:53.766
THE GUY'S WHO'VE
NEVER THROWN A GRENADE
00:32:53.900 --> 00:32:56.600
ARE ACQUIRING SOME EXPERIENCE.
00:33:07.100 --> 00:33:09.566
THE JAPANESE MACHINE GUN
ON TOP OF THE HILL,
00:33:09.700 --> 00:33:12.566
HE OPENED UP AGAIN,
AND JUST AT THAT TIME,
00:33:12.700 --> 00:33:16.733
I GOT SMACKED IN THE ARM,
AND THE MARKS ON MY FOREARM
00:33:16.866 --> 00:33:18.233
ARE STILL HERE.
00:33:18.366 --> 00:33:20.866
THERE ARE FOUR HOLES THAT
WENT THROUGH AT THAT POINT.
00:33:25.600 --> 00:33:29.600
I...I'M...I GOT HIT.
00:33:32.066 --> 00:33:34.066
I'M BURNIN'.
00:33:34.200 --> 00:33:36.966
I'M NUMB.
00:33:37.100 --> 00:33:40.966
JAP SNIPER GOT ME.
00:33:41.100 --> 00:33:43.333
SO I'LL JUST LIE
QUIET HERE FOR A WHILE.
00:33:45.100 --> 00:33:46.900
JAP SNIPER COME OUT TO SEE
00:33:47.066 --> 00:33:51.366
IF YOU DIE OR IF YOU
GOT GOLD IN YOUR MOUTH.
00:33:51.500 --> 00:33:54.466
I'M WAITING FOR HIM.
00:33:54.600 --> 00:33:57.066
I GOT A NEW MAGAZINE
IN MY STEN.
00:33:59.533 --> 00:34:01.866
SO LET HIM COME.
00:34:02.066 --> 00:34:05.366
LET HIM COME REAL CLOSE.
00:34:05.500 --> 00:34:07.066
[ SCREAMING ]
00:34:08.933 --> 00:34:11.066
I EMPTIED IT IN HIS BODY.
00:34:12.600 --> 00:34:14.466
I GOT HIM RIGHT HERE.
00:34:14.600 --> 00:34:17.699
I MADE A HOLE RIGHT HERE.
00:34:17.833 --> 00:34:22.433
BUT I WASN'T SATISFIED,
SO I TROMPED HIS HEAD IN.
00:34:22.566 --> 00:34:26.500
AH, YOU WOULDN'T BELIEVE THE
GRUDGE YOU GET AFTER A WHILE.
00:34:35.866 --> 00:34:38.866
[ MANCHESTER ]:
WE WERE OUTNUMBERED BY
00:34:39.066 --> 00:34:40.566
50 TO 1 AT LEAST.
00:34:40.699 --> 00:34:43.366
WE HAD HUNG ON
IN THIS PARTICULAR POSITION
00:34:43.500 --> 00:34:46.333
FOR ABOUT FOUR AND HALF DAYS,
00:34:46.466 --> 00:34:51.333
AND WE WERE NOW RUNNING OUT
OF AMMUNITION AND FOOD.
00:34:53.266 --> 00:34:54.633
[ NARRATOR ]:
THE JAPANESE SOLDIERS
00:34:54.766 --> 00:34:56.400
WERE ORDERED TO MAKE A SERIES
00:34:56.533 --> 00:35:00.000
OF SUICIDE ATTACKS
AGAINST THE CANADIAN POSITIONS.
WEBVTT
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00:35:00.000 --> 00:35:00.066
OF SUICIDE ATTACKS
AGAINST THE CANADIAN POSITIONS.
00:35:08.733 --> 00:35:12.600
THEY SUFFERED 800 CASUALTIES
TO WIN THE BATTLE
00:35:12.733 --> 00:35:14.333
AT WONG NEI CHONG GAP.
00:35:14.466 --> 00:35:16.466
WHEN THE JAPANESE DISCOVERED
HOW FEW DEFENDERS
00:35:16.600 --> 00:35:18.066
HAD CAUSED THIS DECIMATION,
00:35:18.133 --> 00:35:23.066
THE FIELD COMMANDER WAS FORCED
TO APOLOGIZE TO HIS SUPERIORS.
00:35:27.700 --> 00:35:30.800
THE GRENADIERS AND OTHERS
ROUNDED UP AS PRISONERS
00:35:30.933 --> 00:35:32.466
WERE NOW IN DANGER.
00:35:32.600 --> 00:35:35.966
SOME JAPANESE SOLDIERS
WANTED REVENGE.
00:35:36.100 --> 00:35:37.466
[ MANCHESTER ]:
THE JAPANESE CAME IN,
00:35:37.600 --> 00:35:39.466
MOVED US OUT OF THE COMPOUND.
00:35:39.600 --> 00:35:41.566
THEY TOLD US THAT THE WAR
00:35:41.700 --> 00:35:43.566
WAS OVER AS FAR AS
WE WERE CONCERNED.
00:35:43.700 --> 00:35:46.566
WE ASKED ABOUT THE WOUNDED
AND COULD WE TAKE THEM WITH US.
00:35:46.700 --> 00:35:49.500
AND THEY SAID,
"NO, DEFINITELY NOT."
00:35:49.633 --> 00:35:51.066
"LEAVE THEM HERE."
00:35:51.133 --> 00:35:52.500
"WE'LL TAKE GOOD CARE OF THEM."
00:35:52.633 --> 00:35:56.666
SO THEY DID --
REAL GOOD CARE OF THEM.
00:35:56.800 --> 00:35:59.733
THEY WENT IN AND PUT
BAYONETS IN THEM, SHOT THEM,
00:35:59.866 --> 00:36:02.500
AND THEN THEY BURNT
THE WHOLE WORKS THAT WERE LEFT.
00:36:05.466 --> 00:36:08.266
[ NARRATOR ]: AFTER THE WAR,
WAR CRIMES INVESTIGATORS
00:36:08.400 --> 00:36:10.933
WENT LOOKING FOR EVIDENCE
OF THAT EXECUTION.
00:36:12.433 --> 00:36:14.800
HERE, NEAR THIS STREAM
IN THE WONG NEI CHONG GAP,
00:36:14.933 --> 00:36:16.333
THEY FOUND THE BONES
00:36:16.466 --> 00:36:19.066
OF THE MURDERED CANADIAN
AND BRITISH SOLDIERS.
00:36:25.400 --> 00:36:27.233
JOHN OSBORNE WON
THE VICTORY CROSS,
00:36:27.366 --> 00:36:30.266
THE EMPIRE'S HIGHEST
AWARD FOR BRAVERY,
00:36:30.400 --> 00:36:33.066
FOR HIS PART IN THE DEFENSE
OF WONG NEI CHONG GAP.
00:36:33.166 --> 00:36:35.800
HE WAS A WINNIPEG GRENADIER,
00:36:35.933 --> 00:36:39.666
KILLED TWO DAYS
BEFORE CHRISTMAS IN 1941.
00:36:39.800 --> 00:36:42.333
THE BATTLE WAS STILL NOT OVER.
00:36:42.466 --> 00:37:06.333
MANY MORE CANADIANS WOULD
JOIN HIM IN THE DAYS AHEAD.
00:37:06.466 --> 00:37:10.366
[ NARRATOR ]:
THIS IS ST. STEPHEN'S COLLEGE,
00:37:10.500 --> 00:37:13.733
A HONG KONG PRIVATE SCHOOL
IN THE BRITISH TRADITION.
00:37:13.866 --> 00:37:17.400
DURING THE SEIGE
OF HONG KONG IN 1941,
00:37:17.533 --> 00:37:20.233
THE GLEAMING FLOORS OF THE
LIBRARY HERE WERE COVERED
00:37:20.366 --> 00:37:24.400
WITH ALMOST 100 BADLY WOUNDED
BRITISH AND CANADIAN SOLDIERS.
00:37:33.100 --> 00:37:35.366
IT WAS A TEMPORARY
FIELD HOSPITAL
00:37:35.500 --> 00:37:39.566
STAFFED BY TWO DOCTORS
AND 11 NURSES.
00:37:46.533 --> 00:37:48.566
THIS IS WHERE
19-YEAR-OLD BOB CLAYTON
00:37:48.700 --> 00:37:52.366
WAS BROUGHT TWO DAYS
BEFORE CHRISTMAS, 1941.
00:37:52.500 --> 00:37:54.933
THE JAPANESE GRENADE
THAT EXPLODED AT HIS FEET
00:37:55.066 --> 00:37:57.433
MADE IT IMPOSSIBLE
FOR HIM TO WALK.
00:37:57.566 --> 00:38:00.600
HE WOULD SPEND A WEEK IN THIS
BUILDING, AND DURING THAT TIME,
00:38:00.733 --> 00:38:03.933
HE WOULD WITNESS AN EVENT
SO CRUEL, SO BRUTAL,
00:38:04.066 --> 00:38:07.300
THAT HE WOULD BE MARKED BY IT
FOR THE REST OF HIS LIFE.
00:38:12.600 --> 00:38:13.966
SORRY.
00:38:14.100 --> 00:38:15.466
OK.
00:38:15.600 --> 00:38:17.466
WHERE DID THEY PUT YOU
DO YOU REMEMBER,
00:38:17.600 --> 00:38:18.966
WHEN YOU WERE BROUGHT IN?
00:38:19.100 --> 00:38:20.466
YUP.
00:38:20.600 --> 00:38:22.066
WHERE THEY LAID YOU DOWN?
00:38:22.166 --> 00:38:26.800
I, UH, I'D BEEN WOUNDED IN BOTH
LEGS, AND THEN COMING UP HERE,
00:38:26.933 --> 00:38:32.366
THEY FIRED ON THE AMBULANCE, AND
I GOT WOUNDED AGAIN IN THE FACE.
00:38:32.500 --> 00:38:37.466
SO I GUESS I WAS
ALL COVERED IN BLOOD.
00:38:37.600 --> 00:38:39.066
AND, UH...
00:38:41.966 --> 00:38:46.400
THEY BROUGHT ME IN HERE,
PUT THE STRETCHER ON THE FLOOR.
00:38:46.533 --> 00:38:47.900
OR MAYBE IT WAS A BED.
00:38:48.066 --> 00:38:49.900
I DON'T KNOW.
00:38:50.066 --> 00:38:53.933
AND, UH...THIS LADY COME OVER.
00:38:54.066 --> 00:38:55.800
SHE WAS A VOLUNTEER NURSE.
00:38:55.933 --> 00:38:58.833
I GUESS SHE'D BE 40 YEARS OLD.
00:38:58.966 --> 00:39:06.966
AND, UH, SHE COME OVER AND KNELT
DOWN BESIDE ME AND LOOKED AT ME.
00:39:07.100 --> 00:39:09.400
AND I'LL NEVER FORGET
THE LOOK ON HER FACE.
00:39:09.533 --> 00:39:12.666
I JUST CAN'T--
I'LL NEVER FORGET IT.
00:39:12.800 --> 00:39:14.400
IT WAS LIKE SHE WAS SAYING,
00:39:14.533 --> 00:39:17.233
"BOY, OH, BOY, WHAT'S
THIS KID DOING HERE?"
00:39:19.533 --> 00:39:22.666
AND THEN SHE WENT AWAY,
AND SHE COME BACK
00:39:22.800 --> 00:39:24.200
WITH A BUCKET OF WATER,
00:39:24.333 --> 00:39:26.466
OR A PAIL OF WATER
OR WHATEVER IT WAS,
00:39:26.600 --> 00:39:31.800
AND WASHED MY FACE ALL OFF, AND
WASHED MY LEGS ALL OFF, AND...
00:39:35.100 --> 00:39:36.966
ASKED ME IF THERE'S
ANYTHING THAT I'D LIKE.
00:39:37.100 --> 00:39:42.633
AND I SAID I'D LIKE TO HAVE A
HOT CHOCOLATE, IF THEY HAD ANY.
00:39:42.766 --> 00:39:47.600
SO SHE WENT AND GOT ME
A HOT CHOCOLATE.
00:39:49.366 --> 00:39:51.833
SHE SAID, "YOU TRY
TO GO TO SLEEP NOW."
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00:40:01.700 --> 00:40:05.866
THIS YOUNG LAD, BUD SWEET,
00:40:06.000 --> 00:40:10.266
FROM BATHURST, NEW BRUNSWICK,
WAS ASLEEP IN MY WARD...
00:40:11.966 --> 00:40:17.800
WITH FRECKLES ACROSS HIS NOSE
AND A LOCK OF HAIR.
00:40:17.933 --> 00:40:20.833
HE LOOKS AS THOUGH HE SHOULD BE
00:40:20.966 --> 00:40:23.900
OUT PLAYING MARBLES
OR SOMETHING.
00:40:24.033 --> 00:40:28.900
AND HERE HE IS WITH HIS LEFT ARM
OFF RIGHT UP TO THE SHOULDER.
00:40:32.533 --> 00:40:34.133
AND HE DOESN'T KNOW YET.
00:40:36.033 --> 00:40:38.233
AND I'M THINKING, "DEAR GOD,"
00:40:38.366 --> 00:40:42.266
"WHAT AM I GOING TO TELL
YOU WHEN YOU COME TO?"
00:40:49.966 --> 00:40:51.500
BUD BEGAN TO STIR.
00:40:54.133 --> 00:40:58.633
HE LOOKED...AT HIS SHOULDER...
00:41:03.166 --> 00:41:07.333
AND HE SAID, "HOW AM I DOING?"
00:41:11.066 --> 00:41:12.866
I SAID, "YOU'RE
DOING JUST FINE."
00:41:14.733 --> 00:41:18.200
HE SAID, "YOU MEAN WHAT'S
LEFT OF ME IS DOING FINE."
00:41:21.200 --> 00:41:23.366
I SAID, "THAT'S EXACTLY IT."
00:41:27.733 --> 00:41:30.600
HE SAID, "WELL, THAT'S KIND
OF THE WAY I FIGURED."
00:41:32.600 --> 00:41:37.833
AND HE JUST TURNED ASIDE
AND WENT TO SLEEP.
00:41:44.066 --> 00:41:45.933
[ NARRATOR ]: OUTSIDE,
THE BATTLE RAGED ON.
00:41:46.066 --> 00:41:49.533
EVERY HOUR BROUGHT MORE JAPANESE
TROOPS ON TO THE ISLAND.
00:41:54.533 --> 00:41:56.066
ON CHRISTMAS EVE, 1941,
00:41:56.133 --> 00:41:58.966
AMONG THE WOUNDED,
THE DEAD AND THE DYING
00:41:59.100 --> 00:42:02.133
AT ST. STEPHEN'S HOSPITAL,
WAS LAURIE MACKAY.
00:42:02.266 --> 00:42:04.100
CHRISTMAS EVE.
00:42:06.600 --> 00:42:12.133
THE PLACE WAS FILLED WITH BEDS,
PEOPLE HIT REALLY BAD.
00:42:15.600 --> 00:42:18.233
THEY WERE BEATING
THIS ONE FELLOW,
00:42:18.366 --> 00:42:20.966
TRYING TO BRING HIM
OUT OF SHELL SHOCK.
00:42:22.600 --> 00:42:24.333
YOU COULDN'T SLEEP.
00:42:26.866 --> 00:42:30.266
WE COULD HEAR MACHINE GUN FIRE
AS THE JAPANESE GOT CLOSER.
00:42:32.933 --> 00:42:36.066
"JEEZ," I WAS THINKING,
"I GOT TO GET OUT OF HERE."
00:42:38.733 --> 00:42:41.666
BUT I WAITED TOO LONG.
00:42:52.533 --> 00:42:54.066
[ GUN FIRE ]
00:43:09.600 --> 00:43:12.566
BOB CLAYTON WAS UPSTAIRS
IN ST. STEPHEN'S
00:43:12.700 --> 00:43:14.066
WHEN THE JAPANESE CLOSED IN
00:43:14.200 --> 00:43:18.400
ON THE HOSPITAL AT 5:30 A.M.
ON CHRISTMAS DAY.
00:43:18.533 --> 00:43:21.066
SO OUR WOUNDED WERE
LAYING IN BED THERE,
00:43:21.166 --> 00:43:23.966
AND JUST BEFORE THEY BROKE
INTO THE HOSPITAL,
00:43:24.100 --> 00:43:25.966
THERE WAS A HELL OF
A COMMOTION OUTSIDE,
00:43:26.100 --> 00:43:28.200
AND I HEARD A GUY HOLLERING,
"FOR CHRIST'S SAKE,"
00:43:28.333 --> 00:43:31.066
"DON'T LET THOSE BASTARDS
GET IN THIS HOSPITAL."
00:43:31.166 --> 00:43:33.366
WHEN THE JAPANESE
CAME THROUGH THE DOOR,
00:43:33.500 --> 00:43:36.100
THE DOCTORS MET THEM,
AND THEY HAD THEIR HANDS UP.
00:43:45.066 --> 00:43:47.500
THE DOCTORS TRIED
TO SURRENDER THE HOSPITAL,
00:43:47.633 --> 00:43:50.066
BUT THEY KILLED THEM.
00:43:51.666 --> 00:43:55.233
THEN THE JAPANESE SOLDIERS
STARTED KILLING ALL AROUND ME.
00:43:55.366 --> 00:43:58.533
I SAID, "OH, MY GOD,
THIS IS IT."
00:44:00.300 --> 00:44:04.433
I PULLED THE BLANKETS
OVER MY HEAD.
00:44:05.966 --> 00:44:09.166
ONE JAP RAN OVER ME TO BAYONET
THE GUY IN THE NEXT BED.
00:44:11.600 --> 00:44:16.066
AND I ROLLED OFF MY MATTRESS,
AND I MADE A RUN FOR THE DOOR.
00:44:19.600 --> 00:44:21.333
AND I WAS HIT OVER THE HEAD.
00:44:23.100 --> 00:44:25.066
I WENT ARSE OVER TEAKETTLE.
00:44:27.600 --> 00:44:29.700
I DON'T REMEMBER A THING
TILL I CAME TO.
00:44:29.833 --> 00:44:32.166
AND THIS RED CROSS NURSE
WAS TRYING TO STOP
00:44:32.300 --> 00:44:35.066
THIS JAPANESE SOLDIER
FROM KILLING US.
00:44:38.600 --> 00:44:44.066
SO THE SOLDIER GRABS HER BY
THE THROAT AND DRAGS HER AWAY.
00:44:53.533 --> 00:44:55.933
THE SURVIVING
NURSES AND SOLDIERS,
00:44:56.066 --> 00:44:58.066
LIKE LAURIE MACKAY
AND BOB CLAYTON,
00:44:58.166 --> 00:44:59.533
WERE DRAGGED DOWN THIS CORRIDOR
00:44:59.666 --> 00:45:00.000
IN THE SCHOOL'S DORMITORY.
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IN THE SCHOOL'S DORMITORY.
00:45:05.233 --> 00:45:08.533
SEPARATING THE NURSES, THE
JAPANESE JAMMED MORE THAN 60
00:45:08.666 --> 00:45:13.066
WOUNDED AND TERRIFIED
SOLDIERS INTO THIS DORM.
00:45:13.133 --> 00:45:14.966
ONE AFTER THE OTHER,
00:45:15.100 --> 00:45:16.766
SOLDIERS WERE TAKEN OUT,
00:45:16.900 --> 00:45:20.300
TORTURED AND DISMEMBERED
WITH SWORDS.
00:45:20.433 --> 00:45:22.766
THE RAPING OF THE NURSES BEGAN.
00:45:24.900 --> 00:45:29.700
THEY KEPT COMING BACK TO
THE ROOM AND FIRING INTO IT.
00:45:29.833 --> 00:45:32.100
THE FEAR HAD REALLY SET INTO ME.
00:45:34.833 --> 00:45:40.866
I HAD MY HEAD DOWN, AND THIS OLD
FIRST WORLD WAR VET SAYS TO ME,
00:45:41.066 --> 00:45:46.700
"LOOK, KID, WE'RE
GOING TO DIE TODAY."
00:45:46.833 --> 00:45:49.633
"BUT ONE THING
WE'RE GOING TO DO."
00:45:49.766 --> 00:45:52.600
"WE'RE GOING TO DIE
LIKE CANADIANS."
00:45:54.533 --> 00:45:57.666
"DON'T BE SCARED OF THEM."
00:46:01.666 --> 00:46:05.066
IT WAS CHRISTMAS DAY, AND
YOU'RE THINKING ABOUT HOME,
00:46:05.133 --> 00:46:09.533
AND I THOUGHT OF MY MOTHER A
MILLION TIMES, AND I KNEW SHE'D
00:46:09.666 --> 00:46:16.200
BE GOING CRAZY, ABSOLUTELY
CRAZY, WHICH I FOUND OUT AFTER.
00:46:20.200 --> 00:46:28.066
ANYWAY, YOU DO STUPID THINGS,
AND I WAS SITTING THERE
00:46:28.133 --> 00:46:31.633
ON THE FLOOR, AND I KEPT SAYING,
00:46:31.766 --> 00:46:36.200
"MA, I'M ALL RIGHT.
MA, I'M ALL RIGHT."
00:46:40.733 --> 00:46:45.200
THEN THIS JAP SOLDIER CAME IN...
00:46:49.100 --> 00:46:52.700
HE SAYS, "CANADA!"
00:46:56.533 --> 00:47:02.600
AND I SAYS, "YEAH,
THE HELL WITH YOU."
00:47:04.233 --> 00:47:07.500
"GO AHEAD, YOU BASTARD."
00:47:07.633 --> 00:47:09.300
"KILL ME."
00:47:11.600 --> 00:47:14.200
HE LOOKS AT ME.
00:47:14.333 --> 00:47:19.100
HE STARTS KICKING ME,
AND THEN HE SAYS, "CANADA!"
00:47:24.533 --> 00:47:26.133
"COWBOY?"
00:47:28.766 --> 00:47:31.466
I SAYS TO MYSELF,
"WHAT'S GOING ON HERE?"
00:47:31.600 --> 00:47:36.466
SO I SAY, "YEAH...COWBOY."
00:47:39.066 --> 00:47:43.733
SO HE STEPS BACK, AND HE TWIRLS
HIS HAND OVER HIS HEAD
00:47:43.866 --> 00:47:45.900
LIKE A LARIAT, AND HE YELLS,
00:47:46.066 --> 00:47:51.533
"WHOOOHOOO! HOO! HOO!
HOO! YIP! YIP! YIP!"
00:47:54.533 --> 00:47:56.566
AND THEN HE TELLS
ME TO STAND UP...
00:48:02.600 --> 00:48:04.133
AND QUICK DRAW.
00:48:07.100 --> 00:48:10.100
ALL NIGHT, HE KEPT
BRINGING BACK HIS FRIENDS
00:48:10.233 --> 00:48:13.566
AND TELLING ME TO QUICK DRAW.
00:48:15.600 --> 00:48:18.233
[ NARRATOR ]: 5,000 MILES
ACROSS THE PACIFIC,
00:48:18.366 --> 00:48:21.766
IN TORONTO, IT WAS
EARLY CHRISTMAS MORNING.
00:48:21.900 --> 00:48:24.100
MY MA AND DAD,
THEY'RE LAYING IN BED,
00:48:24.233 --> 00:48:28.900
AND MY MOTHER SHAKES MY DAD
AND WAKES HIM UP, AND SAID,
00:48:29.066 --> 00:48:31.266
"ROB, BOBBIE WAS
RIGHT IN THIS ROOM."
00:48:31.400 --> 00:48:37.066
"HE WAS SAYING, 'MA, I'M ALL
RIGHT. MA, I'M ALL RIGHT.'"
00:48:37.200 --> 00:48:44.833
UH...MY, UH, DAD TOLD
HER SHE WAS HEARING THINGS.
00:48:44.966 --> 00:48:47.466
SHE SURE DID.
00:48:47.600 --> 00:48:49.833
SHE SAYS AFTER THAT,
SHE NEVER WORRIED AGAIN.
00:48:49.966 --> 00:48:51.733
AND SHE NEVER DID.
00:49:01.400 --> 00:49:05.366
HE CAME BACK LATER AND BROUGHT
ME A PACK OF CIGARETTES...
00:49:08.700 --> 00:49:13.700
A PICTURE OF DEANNA DURBIN
AND AN ALARM CLOCK.
00:49:16.533 --> 00:49:19.066
THE CIGARETTES,
I REALLY APPRECIATED.
00:49:19.133 --> 00:49:22.366
THE ALARM CLOCK, I DIDN'T KNOW
HOW LONG I WAS GOING TO NEED.
00:49:25.600 --> 00:49:27.900
AND THE PICTURE
OF DEANNA DURBIN...
00:49:30.100 --> 00:49:32.766
WELL, I GUESS THEY KNEW
SHE WAS CANADIAN TOO.
00:49:49.266 --> 00:49:50.966
[ NARRATOR ]: OUTSIDE,
CLAYTON'S REGIMENT
00:49:51.100 --> 00:49:54.400
WAS ORDERED BY THE BRITISH
TO MAKE A SUICIDE CHARGE
00:49:54.533 --> 00:49:57.200
TO RETAKE THE HIGH GROUND
AROUND ST. STEPHEN'S.
00:49:59.200 --> 00:50:00.000
THEY WERE ANNIHILATED.
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THEY WERE ANNIHILATED.
00:50:07.433 --> 00:50:09.800
JACKIE LYONS, HENRY'S
BROTHER, DIED DOWN THERE.
00:50:09.933 --> 00:50:13.033
GORDON LATIMER DIED DOWN THERE.
00:50:16.566 --> 00:50:18.333
BUT AT LEAST THEY DIED FIGHTING.
00:50:23.533 --> 00:50:26.666
WHAT THOSE BASTARDS DID
IN HERE, I'LL NEVER FORGET.
00:50:34.066 --> 00:50:36.500
FIVE OF THE SEVEN NURSES
AT ST. STEPHEN'S,
00:50:36.633 --> 00:50:39.133
INCLUDING THE ONE WHO GAVE
CLAYTON HOT CHOCOLATE,
00:50:39.266 --> 00:50:41.166
WERE RAPED AND KILLED.
00:50:42.966 --> 00:50:45.633
OF THE 93 WOUNDED SOLDIERS,
00:50:45.766 --> 00:50:48.600
63 WERE MURDERED
BY THE JAPANESE.
00:50:50.100 --> 00:50:52.066
YAAAGH!
00:50:52.200 --> 00:50:54.366
MANY CAPTIVES LIKE
BOB CLAYTON WERE SPARED.
00:50:54.500 --> 00:50:55.866
BUT DURING THE BATTLE,
00:50:56.000 --> 00:51:00.966
OFFICIAL JAPANESE POLICY
WAS TO TAKE NO PRISONERS.
00:51:02.600 --> 00:51:04.733
IN THE AFTERNOON
OF CHRISTMAS DAY,
00:51:04.866 --> 00:51:08.266
WITH MUCH OF HONG KONG IN
FLAMES, THE BRITISH REALIZED
00:51:08.400 --> 00:51:10.866
THAT FURTHER RESISTANCE
WAS FUTILE.
00:51:12.366 --> 00:51:14.733
AT 3:00 P.M., THE
BRITISH COMMANDERS
00:51:14.866 --> 00:51:18.133
OFFICIALLY SURRENDERED TO
THE FORCES OF IMPERIAL JAPAN.
00:51:18.266 --> 00:51:21.566
THE UNION JACK WAS LOWERED.
00:51:21.700 --> 00:51:23.066
BONZAI!
00:51:23.200 --> 00:51:24.566
[ CHEERING ]
00:51:24.700 --> 00:51:26.200
BONZAI!
00:51:29.800 --> 00:51:32.100
ON THE DAY AFTER
CHRISTMAS IN HONG KONG,
00:51:32.233 --> 00:51:34.733
THE JAPANESE COMMANDERS
PARADED IN TRIUMPH
00:51:34.866 --> 00:51:37.366
THROUGH THE STREETS OF THE CITY.
00:51:37.500 --> 00:51:41.833
THE DEFENDERS OF HONG KONG,
FROM BRITAIN, INDIA AND CANADA,
00:51:41.966 --> 00:51:43.633
WERE NOW PRISONERS OF WAR.
00:51:45.466 --> 00:51:47.733
SOME APPEARED ALMOST JOVIAL,
00:51:47.866 --> 00:51:49.400
HAPPY AT LEAST TO HAVE SURVIVED.
00:51:49.533 --> 00:51:50.900
MANY EXPECTED
00:51:51.066 --> 00:51:52.866
TO BE TREATED CIVILY,
ACCORDING TO
00:51:53.066 --> 00:51:55.266
THE RULES OF THE
GENEVA CONVENTION.
00:51:55.400 --> 00:51:57.533
THEY WERE SADLY MISTAKEN.
00:51:57.666 --> 00:52:01.800
OVER THE NEXT 3 1/2 YEARS OF
CAPTIVITY, MANY OF THE LIVING
00:52:01.933 --> 00:52:26.100
WOULD COME TO ENVY THE DEAD.
00:52:26.233 --> 00:52:28.866
[ NARRATOR ]: THIS IS
THE SHAMSHUIPO PRISON CAMP,
00:52:29.066 --> 00:52:30.966
NEAR THE CENTRE OF HONG KONG.
00:52:31.100 --> 00:52:33.533
AFTER THE BRITISH COLONY
FELL TO THE JAPANESE
00:52:33.666 --> 00:52:35.066
IN DECEMBER OF 1941,
00:52:35.166 --> 00:52:39.333
THIS IS WHERE CANADIAN PRISONERS
OF WAR WERE INCARCERATED.
00:52:39.466 --> 00:52:42.200
MORE RECENTLY, THIS PRISON CAMP
HAS BEEN USED TO HOLD
00:52:42.333 --> 00:52:44.233
ILLEGAL VIETNAMESE
IMMIGRANTS TO HONG KONG --
00:52:44.366 --> 00:52:46.866
BOAT PEOPLE.
00:52:59.766 --> 00:53:01.200
ONE THING, ROBERT,
IT BRINGS BACK
00:53:01.333 --> 00:53:03.466
A LOT OF BAD MEMORIES,
I'M GONNA TELL YOU.
00:53:03.600 --> 00:53:06.733
CANADIAN VETERANS BOB CLAYTON
AND BOB MANCHESTER
00:53:06.866 --> 00:53:08.333
FOUND IT HASN'T
CHANGED VERY MUCH
00:53:08.466 --> 00:53:10.433
SINCE THEY LIVED HERE
50 YEARS AGO.
00:53:10.566 --> 00:53:12.266
BUT IMAGINE
HAVING TO PUT UP
00:53:12.400 --> 00:53:15.100
WITH THOSE THINGS --
IT HAS A REAL SMELL
00:53:15.233 --> 00:53:17.600
OF OLD DEATH IN THERE.
00:53:17.733 --> 00:53:19.200
IT WAS
SOME PLACE.
00:53:19.333 --> 00:53:23.133
I SEE THE BACKDROP OF THE HOUSES
ARE STILL THE SAME, EH?
00:53:23.266 --> 00:53:25.633
JUST THE SAME AS WHEN
WE MARCHED OUT THERE.
00:53:25.766 --> 00:53:27.600
YEAH, LOOKS JUST THE SAME.
00:53:33.066 --> 00:53:34.366
[ NARRATOR ]: WHEN
THE CANADIAN PRISONERS
00:53:34.500 --> 00:53:35.866
WERE MARCHED INTO THIS CAMP
00:53:36.066 --> 00:53:38.566
AFTER THE HONG KONG BATTLE,
THEY HAD NO IDEA
00:53:38.700 --> 00:53:42.133
HOW LONG THEY'D BE STAYING OR
WHAT THEIR LIFE WOULD BE LIKE.
00:53:42.266 --> 00:53:46.400
SOME THOUGHT THE GREATEST
ENEMY WOULD BE BOREDOM.
00:53:46.533 --> 00:53:49.100
ARMAND BOURBONIERE OF
ST. BONIFACE WAS DETERMINED
00:53:49.233 --> 00:53:52.766
TO MAKE A DECENT LIFE FOR
HIMSELF AND HIS BROTHER HECTOR.
00:53:52.900 --> 00:53:55.966
WHEN THEY TOOK US TO THE
CAMP FROM THE HOSPITAL,
00:53:56.100 --> 00:53:58.633
THEY TOLD US TO TAKE
ALL THAT WE COULD CARRY.
00:53:58.766 --> 00:54:00.866
SO I GOT THIS BIG MATTRESS.
00:54:01.066 --> 00:54:04.733
I GOT SHEETS, PILLOWS,
OH, AND THESE SOUP BOWLS.
00:54:04.866 --> 00:54:06.533
SO I'M THINKING OF MY BROTHER.
00:54:06.666 --> 00:54:11.233
SO ONE DAY, I BEGGED HIM
TO COME AND MOVE IN WITH ME.
00:54:12.733 --> 00:54:14.366
HE SAYS NO.
00:54:21.600 --> 00:54:24.866
I MEAN, I BROUGHT UTENSILS
AND A BOWL FOR HIM.
00:54:26.900 --> 00:54:28.933
THEN HE MOVES IN WITH ME.
00:54:29.066 --> 00:54:31.266
HE SPENDS A COUPLE OF WEEKS.
00:54:31.400 --> 00:54:34.066
AND THEN HE GOT MAD,
AND HE TOOK OFF.
00:54:36.066 --> 00:54:38.166
AND THEN HE SOLD HIS
BOWL FOR CIGARETTES.
00:54:38.300 --> 00:54:39.766
I GOT SO MAD.
00:54:42.266 --> 00:54:44.266
I HAVE A REAL HARD
TIME WITH HIM.
00:54:45.766 --> 00:54:48.633
I MEAN, I TRIED TO
HELP HIM AND EVERYTHING.
00:54:48.766 --> 00:54:52.100
BUT HE JUST DOESN'T SEEM
TO APPRECIATE WHAT I DO FOR HIM.
00:54:58.266 --> 00:55:00.000
[ NARRATOR ]: THERE ARE FEW
FILMS OR PHOTOGRAPHS OF LIFE
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00:55:00.000 --> 00:55:00.933
[ NARRATOR ]: THERE ARE FEW
FILMS OR PHOTOGRAPHS OF LIFE
00:55:01.066 --> 00:55:03.633
INSIDE THE SHAMSHUIPO
PRISON CAMP.
00:55:03.766 --> 00:55:06.166
THESE DRAWINGS
BY HONG KONG VETERANS
00:55:06.300 --> 00:55:08.566
PROVIDE A RARE VISUAL RECORD.
00:55:10.833 --> 00:55:15.733
THE PRISONERS WERE WAREHOUSED
IN A STEAMING, CROWDED BARRACKS.
00:55:17.333 --> 00:55:20.566
ONE OF THE ARTISTS
WAS JOHN PAYNE.
00:55:20.700 --> 00:55:22.833
THERE'S A LOT OF TALK
IN THE CAMP THAT
00:55:22.966 --> 00:55:25.600
WE'RE GOING TO BE LIBERATED
BEFORE TOO LONG BY THE BRITS
00:55:25.733 --> 00:55:27.966
OR THE AMERICANS OR SOMEBODY.
00:55:28.100 --> 00:55:29.800
I WOULDN'T BET ON IT.
00:55:29.933 --> 00:55:32.800
I'VE GIVEN THIS PLACE 100 DAYS.
00:55:32.933 --> 00:55:36.900
I WON'T BE ALONE
GOING OVER THE WIRE.
00:55:51.266 --> 00:55:53.566
[ NARRATOR ]: STILL CLOSE
TO THE SHAMSHUIPO CAMP
00:55:53.700 --> 00:55:55.533
IS HONG KONG'S
INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT,
00:55:55.666 --> 00:55:57.066
KAI TAK.
00:55:57.166 --> 00:56:00.600
FEW MODERN TRAVELLERS REALIZE
THE RUNWAY HERE WAS BUILT
00:56:00.733 --> 00:56:03.066
BY CANADIAN AND OTHER
PRISONERS OF WAR
00:56:03.200 --> 00:56:05.066
UNDER THREAT OF STARVATION.
00:56:07.333 --> 00:56:11.166
WINNIPEG GRENADIER LES CANIVET
WORKED ON THAT RUNWAY.
00:56:11.300 --> 00:56:15.800
THE TARMAC WE BUILT WAS ABOUT
00:56:15.933 --> 00:56:18.933
THE WORST PIECE OF CONCRETE
YOU'D EVER SEEN.
00:56:19.066 --> 00:56:22.133
WE SABOTAGED IT
00:56:22.266 --> 00:56:25.066
BY MIXING ALL KINDS OF SAND
00:56:25.133 --> 00:56:27.466
IN WITH THE CONCRETE
TO MAKE IT WEAK.
00:56:29.700 --> 00:56:31.766
WHEN THE FIRST JAPANESE
AIRCRAFT LANDED THERE --
00:56:31.900 --> 00:56:35.133
IT WAS A LARGE AIRCRAFT
WITH A FIGHTER ESCORT,
00:56:35.266 --> 00:56:37.533
WITH VIPs ON BOARD --
00:56:37.666 --> 00:56:41.566
CRASHED ON LANDING
'CAUSE THE TARMAC GAVE WAY.
00:56:43.600 --> 00:56:45.066
YOU SEE, THE JAPANESE ENGINEER
00:56:45.200 --> 00:56:47.500
TURNED THE PROJECT OVER
TO A BRITISH ENGINEER,
00:56:47.633 --> 00:56:49.866
'CAUSE HE DIDN'T WANT
TO BE BOTHERED WITH IT.
00:56:51.766 --> 00:56:56.200
I CAN RECALL THEM BRINGING
THAT JAPANESE ENGINEER OUT,
00:56:56.333 --> 00:57:00.500
AND THE OFFICER IN CHARGE JUST
00:57:00.633 --> 00:57:03.500
CHOPPED HIS HEAD
OFF RIGHT THERE.
00:57:03.633 --> 00:57:05.500
WE THOUGHT WE WERE IN
FOR THE CHOPPING.
00:57:05.633 --> 00:57:07.100
IT WAS US DOING THE WORK.
00:57:07.233 --> 00:57:11.500
BUT, UM, WE GOT
AWAY QUITE CLEAN.
00:57:12.900 --> 00:57:15.166
[ NARRATOR ]: THE PRISONERS
MAY HAVE LOST THE BATTLE,
00:57:15.300 --> 00:57:16.666
BUT WERE DETERMINED
TO STAND TALL.
00:57:16.800 --> 00:57:20.433
ONE OF THEIR JAILERS WAS BENT
ON CRUSHING THAT SPIRIT --
00:57:20.566 --> 00:57:23.600
A MEMBER OF THE JAPANESE
GESTAPO, THE KEMPETAI,
00:57:23.733 --> 00:57:26.133
KENEWA INOUYE.
00:57:26.266 --> 00:57:28.900
[ CLAYTON ]: AND ALL OF A
SUDDEN, THIS SON OF A BITCH
00:57:29.066 --> 00:57:30.633
COMES ALONG AND LOOKS US ALL UP.
00:57:30.766 --> 00:57:33.233
HE'S WALKING UP AND DOWN,
AND WE'RE LOOKING AT HIM.
00:57:33.366 --> 00:57:35.233
HE'S SOMETHING NEW --
WE NEVER SEEN HIM BEFORE.
00:57:35.366 --> 00:57:38.233
SO HE STOPS AND HE LOOKS
AT US ALL, AND HE SAYS,
00:57:38.366 --> 00:57:40.066
"YOU'RE THE CANADIANS, EH",
JUST LIKE THAT.
00:57:40.133 --> 00:57:42.066
WELL, JESUS, WE'RE LOOKING
AT THIS GUY NOW.
00:57:42.166 --> 00:57:45.066
HE SAYS, "I WANT YOU TO KNOW
I WAS BORN AND RAISED"
00:57:45.133 --> 00:57:49.200
"IN KAMLOOPS, B.C.,
AND I HATE YOUR GODDAMN GUTS."
00:57:50.766 --> 00:57:53.066
[ NARRATOR ]: INOUYE WAS
A CANADIAN WHO LEFT HOME
00:57:53.200 --> 00:57:55.400
AND ENLISTED
IN THE JAPANESE MILITARY.
00:57:55.533 --> 00:57:58.866
HE WAS KNOWN AS
"THE KAMLOOPS KID."
00:57:59.066 --> 00:58:00.700
HE WANTED TO GET GUYS THAT WERE
00:58:00.833 --> 00:58:03.066
OUT FROM AROUND WHERE
HE CAME FROM, YOU KNOW.
00:58:03.133 --> 00:58:05.466
HE SAID WHEN HE WAS A KID
GROWING UP THERE,
00:58:05.600 --> 00:58:06.966
THEY'D CALL HIM
"LITTLE YELLOW BASTARD"
00:58:07.100 --> 00:58:09.100
AND STUFF LIKE THIS --
HE NEVER FORGOT THAT.
00:58:13.833 --> 00:58:15.933
JOHN STROUD.
00:58:16.066 --> 00:58:18.366
ANOTHER FELLOW AND I'D
GET A HOLD OF A BASEBALL,
00:58:18.500 --> 00:58:20.366
TRYING TO KEEP IN SHAPE.
00:58:20.500 --> 00:58:23.400
AROUND THE CORNER
COMES THE KAMLOOPS KID.
00:58:23.533 --> 00:58:25.433
HE SAYS, "I THROW THE BALL."
00:58:26.933 --> 00:58:28.733
SO I THROW IT TO HIM.
00:58:30.266 --> 00:58:32.533
HE THROWS IT BACK
A LITTLE HARDER.
00:58:32.666 --> 00:58:34.533
I THROW IT BACK HARDER.
00:58:36.100 --> 00:58:39.066
NOW, I'VE PITCHED A LOT
OF BALLS IN MY LIFE,
00:58:39.200 --> 00:58:43.066
SO AROUND THE FOURTH TRY,
I PUT A CURVE ON IT.
00:58:44.533 --> 00:58:48.133
HE MISSES IT WITH HIS HANDS
AND I HIT HIM IN THE FACE.
00:58:48.266 --> 00:58:52.666
HE PULLS OUT HIS FUCKING SWORD
AND NICKS ME ON THE FOREHEAD.
00:58:52.800 --> 00:58:55.133
THEN HE SAYS...
00:58:55.266 --> 00:58:59.066
"THAT'LL TEACH YOU,
YOU SMART BASTARD."
00:59:04.166 --> 00:59:06.700
ONE OF OUR OFFICERS,
CAPTAIN NORRIS, WHO WAS
00:59:06.833 --> 00:59:12.066
THE REGIMENTAL QUARTERMASTER,
HE DECIDED THAT HE WAS GONNA
00:59:12.166 --> 00:59:17.066
APPROACH THIS, THIS AUTHORITY
AND SAY HE WANTED CLOTHING,
00:59:17.133 --> 00:59:19.533
AND BOOTS PARTICULARLY,
FOR THE MEN IF THEY
00:59:19.666 --> 00:59:21.066
WERE GONNA GO OUT TO WORK.
00:59:21.133 --> 00:59:25.833
AND, UH, THE KAMLOOPS KID
JUST WORKED HIM OVER
00:59:25.966 --> 00:59:29.766
FOR A GOOD 15, 20 MINUTES
UNTIL HE WAS BLEEDING...
00:59:29.900 --> 00:59:32.933
HIS EARS, HIS FACE,
HIS SHOULDERS.
00:59:33.066 --> 00:59:38.166
IT WAS A DISGUSTING
SITUATION TO WITNESS.
00:59:39.833 --> 00:59:44.366
AT LEAST TWO WEAKENED CANADIANS
DIED AFTER BEATINGS BY INOUYE.
00:59:52.666 --> 00:59:54.900
OFFICERS PROTESTED BRUTALITY
TOWARDS PRISONERS,
00:59:55.066 --> 00:59:57.300
BUT THE JAPANESE WERE UNMOVED.
00:59:57.433 --> 00:59:59.800
IN FACT, THE TREATMENT
WEBVTT
X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=LOCAL:00:00:00.000,MPEGTS:188088
01:00:00.066 --> 01:00:02.266
OF OFFICERS WAS ONE PART
OF THE GENEVA CONVENTION
01:00:02.400 --> 01:00:03.966
HONOURED BY THE JAPANESE.
01:00:04.100 --> 01:00:06.400
THE OFFICERS GOT
SPECIAL PRIVILEGES,
01:00:06.533 --> 01:00:08.700
AND THIS SOWED TROUBLE
WITH SOLDIERS
01:00:08.833 --> 01:00:10.466
LIKE FRED REISCH.
01:00:10.600 --> 01:00:13.266
SO 2% OF THE MEN
HERE ARE OFFICERS...
01:00:14.766 --> 01:00:18.166
AND THEY BUY 95% OF THE
FOOD THAT THE JAPS BRING.
01:00:18.300 --> 01:00:20.100
WE CAN'T BUY ANY FOOD
AT THE CANTEEN,
01:00:20.233 --> 01:00:21.866
'CAUSE THE OFFICERS
HAVE BOUGHT IT ALL.
01:00:22.000 --> 01:00:24.133
THEY PUT BARBED WIRE
AROUND THEIR HUTS
01:00:24.266 --> 01:00:26.433
TO HOARD THIS BLOODY FOOD.
01:00:28.833 --> 01:00:31.033
WE WORK, AND THEY
LAY IN THEIR BUNKS.
01:00:32.666 --> 01:00:34.433
AND THEY SMOKE.
01:00:34.566 --> 01:00:38.366
AND THEY FLICK HALF-CIGARETTES
OUT OF THIS AREA.
01:00:38.500 --> 01:00:40.000
AND IF YOU'RE A SMOKER,
01:00:40.133 --> 01:00:43.133
YOU'RE DYIN' FOR
A SMOKE, YOU KNOW.
01:00:45.233 --> 01:00:46.733
SO ONE DAY...
01:00:50.233 --> 01:00:53.333
HARRY ROBINSON,
A GOOD FRIEND OF MINE,
01:00:53.466 --> 01:00:57.600
HE WALKED INTO THE GATE,
PICKED UP A COUPLE OF BUTTS.
01:00:57.733 --> 01:00:59.100
AND THIS GUY --
01:00:59.233 --> 01:01:02.300
USED TO BE A COOK AND THEY
MADE HIM A SERGEANT --
01:01:02.433 --> 01:01:06.100
HE TELLS ROBINSON
TO DROP THE BUTTS.
01:01:06.233 --> 01:01:10.566
AND HARRY TELLS HIM,
"YOU CAN KISS MY ASS."
01:01:12.066 --> 01:01:14.700
AND THEY BROUGHT HIM
UP ON CHARGE.
01:01:14.833 --> 01:01:18.433
AND OLD TRISTS,
OUR SENIOR OFFICER,
01:01:18.566 --> 01:01:20.900
HE GIVES HIM THREE
WEEKS' DETENTION,
01:01:21.066 --> 01:01:23.800
NOT FOR PICKING UP THE BUTTS
BUT FOR DISOBEYING AN ORDER...
01:01:25.300 --> 01:01:28.533
IN A PRISON CAMP,
GIVEN HIM BY A COOK.
01:01:30.833 --> 01:01:32.566
SO THEY PUT HIM IN THE SHACK.
01:01:35.300 --> 01:01:37.166
HE WAS ONLY THERE 2 1/2 WEEKS,
01:01:37.300 --> 01:01:39.433
AND THE LAST COUPLE OF DAYS
HE GOT DYSENTERY.
01:01:39.566 --> 01:01:41.566
SO THEY TOOK HIM
TO THE DYSENTERY HOSPITAL.
01:01:43.066 --> 01:01:46.066
HE ONLY LASTED FOUR
OR FIVE DAYS THERE.
01:01:46.166 --> 01:01:48.066
HE WAS DEAD AND BURIED.
01:02:02.866 --> 01:02:05.600
THE BEATINGS AND THE
RELENTLESS HOURS OF WORK
01:02:05.733 --> 01:02:07.800
TOOK THEIR TOLL
ON BODY AND SPIRIT.
01:02:10.066 --> 01:02:11.900
BUT OVER TIME, NOTHING
DID MORE DAMAGE
01:02:12.066 --> 01:02:14.266
THAN THE SLOW STARVATION
THAT CAME FROM
01:02:14.400 --> 01:02:17.966
A SINGLE RATION
MORNING, NOON AND NIGHT.
01:02:18.100 --> 01:02:19.400
WE WERE GETTING
JUST STRAIGHT RICE.
01:02:19.533 --> 01:02:21.200
THAT'S ALL IT WAS,
STRAIGHT RICE.
01:02:21.333 --> 01:02:24.200
YOU HAD TO LEAK ABOUT 15 TIMES
A DAY BECAUSE THIS RICE,
01:02:24.333 --> 01:02:26.200
THAT'S ALL IT WAS
WAS WATER, YOU KNOW.
01:02:26.333 --> 01:02:28.700
SO YOU WERE GOING TO
THE BENJO ALL THE TIME.
01:02:28.833 --> 01:02:30.700
BUT IT GOT SO WHEN YOU GOT UP,
01:02:30.833 --> 01:02:32.833
EVERYTHING'D GO BLACK
IN FRONT OF YOUR EYES.
01:02:34.366 --> 01:02:36.733
THE RICE DIET CAUSED
MEDIEVAL DISEASES,
01:02:36.866 --> 01:02:38.800
STRIPPING THE LINING
OF THE BRAIN,
01:02:38.933 --> 01:02:43.633
STOPPING THE KIDNEYS
WORKING, SLOWLY KILLING.
01:02:43.766 --> 01:02:46.766
I USED TO GO AROUND SEE
MY GUYS IN THE HOSPITAL.
01:02:46.900 --> 01:02:48.366
AND ONE OF THE FIRST FELLOWS
01:02:48.500 --> 01:02:50.533
IN MY PLATOON TO DIE
WAS CLARENCE WILBERT.
01:02:50.666 --> 01:02:52.166
I WENT OVER TO SEE CLARENCE,
01:02:52.300 --> 01:02:54.066
AND HE SAYS, "HOW
ARE THINGS GOING?"
01:02:54.133 --> 01:02:55.500
I SAID, "THERE'S
ALL KINDS COMING."
01:02:55.633 --> 01:02:57.500
"THE AMERICANS ARE ON
THEIR WAY, AND WE'LL"
01:02:57.633 --> 01:02:59.766
"BE OUT OF HERE
IN A SHORT BLOODY TIME."
01:02:59.900 --> 01:03:01.600
"WELL," HE SAYS, "THEY
BETTER HURRY, SARGE."
01:03:01.733 --> 01:03:04.733
AND HE THREW BACK THE BLANKET,
AND HIS TESTICLES AND BALLS
01:03:04.866 --> 01:03:06.233
WERE THAT BIG FROM WET BERIBERI.
01:03:06.366 --> 01:03:08.233
IT HAD COME UP THAT FAR ON HIM.
01:03:08.366 --> 01:03:10.800
AND THIS BERIBERI,
THE WET BERIBERI,
01:03:10.933 --> 01:03:13.400
YOU COULD PUT YOUR FINGERS
INTO YOUR LEG ANYWHERE,
01:03:13.533 --> 01:03:15.400
OR WHEREVER YOU HAD IT,
AND THE IMPRINT
01:03:15.533 --> 01:03:17.233
WOULD STILL BE THERE
THE NEXT DAY.
01:03:17.366 --> 01:03:18.666
THEN WE HAD THE DRY BERIBERI.
01:03:18.800 --> 01:03:21.166
I HAD THAT, AND IT'S LIKE
SOMEBODY'S TAKING A KNIFE
01:03:21.300 --> 01:03:23.400
AND SHOVING IT IN
THE BOTTOM OF YOUR FEET.
01:03:23.533 --> 01:03:25.666
YOU KNOW, YOU HAD
HOT FEET ALL THE TIME.
01:03:25.800 --> 01:03:28.666
AND THINGS GOT SO BAD, WITH
THE GUYS WITH THE HOT FEET
01:03:28.800 --> 01:03:32.566
KEEPING THE OTHER GUYS AWAKE,
THEY PUT THEM ALL IN ONE WARD.
01:03:32.700 --> 01:03:35.133
AND WE CALLED IT
"THE AGONY WARD."
01:03:36.633 --> 01:03:38.533
[ NARRATOR ]: THIS WOULD HAVE
BEEN THE SOLUTION.
01:03:38.666 --> 01:03:41.266
THESE RED CROSS PARCELS
OF FOOD AND MEDICINE
01:03:41.400 --> 01:03:43.200
WERE PACKED BY THOUSANDS
OF MOTHERS
01:03:43.333 --> 01:03:44.933
BACK HOME FOR THE PRISONERS.
01:03:45.066 --> 01:03:47.466
BUT FEW GOT THROUGH
TO THE HONG KONG CANADIANS.
01:03:47.600 --> 01:03:51.533
MOST WERE STOLEN AND SOLD ON THE
BLACK MARKET BY RACKETEERS.
01:03:56.800 --> 01:03:58.566
THIS MAN DID MOST
OF THE STEALING,
01:03:58.700 --> 01:04:02.266
THE HONG KONG CAMP COMMANDER,
COLONEL CECIL TOKANAGA.
01:04:09.233 --> 01:04:13.166
A DIPTHERIA EPIDEMIC
DEEPENED THE AGONY.
01:04:13.300 --> 01:04:16.900
THE JAPANESE CAMP DOCTOR
HAD SERUM, BUT WITHELD IT.
01:04:17.066 --> 01:04:19.466
MEN VOLUNTEERED
TO CARE FOR BUDDIES,
01:04:19.600 --> 01:04:21.466
KNOWING THE PLAGUE
MIGHT KILL THEM.
01:04:21.600 --> 01:04:23.100
SOMETIMES IT DID.
01:04:23.233 --> 01:04:26.366
DIPTHERIA KILLED 108 CANADIANS.
01:04:27.966 --> 01:04:31.566
ARMAND BOURBONIERE WAS
TRYING TO SAVE HIS BROTHER.
01:04:38.566 --> 01:04:40.800
MY BROTHER...
01:04:40.933 --> 01:04:42.800
HE GOT BAD WITH MALNUTRITION...
01:04:44.766 --> 01:04:47.966
ALL CRIPPLED WITH SORES
AND BLOATED WITH BERIBERI.
01:04:50.100 --> 01:04:53.066
SO I, I SQUEEZED
THROUGH THE FENCE,
01:04:53.133 --> 01:04:54.933
AND I SNUCK IN TO SEE HIM.
01:04:56.966 --> 01:04:58.466
HE WAS FINISHED.
WEBVTT
X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=LOCAL:00:00:00.000,MPEGTS:188088
01:05:00.366 --> 01:05:04.433
SO I GAVE HIS MILITARY SHIRT
TO THIS CHINESE IN EXCHANGE
01:05:04.566 --> 01:05:06.166
FOR SOME POWDERED MILK.
01:05:06.300 --> 01:05:10.566
AND I, AND I MIXED IT
IN A CAN WITH SOME WATER.
01:05:12.366 --> 01:05:16.600
I HAD SOYABEAN MILK, AND
I WANTED HIM TO DRINK IT.
01:05:16.733 --> 01:05:19.900
BUT HE WOULDN'T DO IT.
01:05:20.066 --> 01:05:21.900
HE'D GIVEN UP.
01:05:22.066 --> 01:05:23.866
SO I GRABBED HIM BY THE COLLAR,
01:05:24.066 --> 01:05:28.733
AND I SAID, "YOU DRINK THIS
OR I'LL FINISH YOU MYSELF."
01:05:30.400 --> 01:05:33.400
SO I JUST SHOVED IT IN.
01:05:33.533 --> 01:05:35.133
HE GAGGED AND EVERYTHING.
01:05:43.700 --> 01:05:45.200
AND THEN I LEFT...
01:05:46.700 --> 01:05:48.633
SENT TO JAPAN.
01:05:52.300 --> 01:05:56.166
I, I FIGURED HE'D NEVER LIVE...
01:05:56.300 --> 01:05:57.800
BECAUSE HE GAVE UP.
01:06:05.533 --> 01:06:07.733
[ NARRATOR ]: THE PRISONERS
HEARD IN AUGUST 1942
01:06:07.866 --> 01:06:11.400
THAT MANY OF THEM
WOULD BE SENT TO JAPAN.
01:06:11.533 --> 01:06:15.966
FOUR OF THEM DECIDED THAT NOW
WAS THE TIME TO TRY AND ESCAPE.
01:06:16.100 --> 01:06:18.466
JOHN PAYNE WAS THE LEADER.
01:06:18.600 --> 01:06:20.100
ON THE DAY OF THE ATTEMPT,
01:06:20.233 --> 01:06:23.500
HE WROTE THIS LETTER
TO HIS MOTHER IN WINNIPEG.
01:06:26.300 --> 01:06:28.133
DEAR MOTHER:
01:06:28.266 --> 01:06:31.600
I HAVE DECIDED TO TAKE
A CHANCE ON GETTING OUT.
01:06:31.733 --> 01:06:34.566
THERE ARE NUMEROUS REASONS
FOR THE STEP, THE CHIEF BEING
01:06:34.700 --> 01:06:37.733
THAT THE CHOLERA AND
THE FLY SEASON IS STARTING.
01:06:37.866 --> 01:06:41.566
AND ANYWAY, I'M RUDDY SICK
OF JAPANESE HOSPITALITY.
01:06:44.466 --> 01:06:46.166
[ NARRATOR ]: JOHN PAYNE
MADE THIS DRAWING
01:06:46.300 --> 01:06:48.066
TO HELP PLAN THE ESCAPE.
01:06:48.200 --> 01:06:50.466
ON A DARK NIGHT, A LADDER
01:06:50.600 --> 01:06:52.933
WAS PLACED TO GET
THEM OVER THE WIRE.
01:06:53.066 --> 01:06:55.200
THEY GOT INTO A NEARBY SAMPAN
01:06:55.333 --> 01:06:58.566
AND MADE A BREAK
ACROSS THE WATER.
01:06:58.700 --> 01:07:01.300
YOU SHARE MY VIEWS ON FATALISM,
01:07:01.433 --> 01:07:04.666
SO I KNOW YOU WON'T
CONDEMN MY JUDGMENT.
01:07:04.800 --> 01:07:09.066
JUST IN CASE I SHOULDN'T MAKE
IT, YOU MUST REMEMBER THAT
01:07:09.133 --> 01:07:11.566
ACCORDING TO OUR BELIEFS,
I HAVE DEPARTED
01:07:11.700 --> 01:07:14.733
FOR A MUCH NICER PLACE, I HOPE,
01:07:14.866 --> 01:07:18.533
ALTHOUGH IT WILL GRIEVE ME
TO EXCHANGE A GUITAR FOR A HARP.
01:07:18.666 --> 01:07:20.366
BUT ENOUGH OF THIS DRIVEL.
01:07:20.500 --> 01:07:23.866
I'LL BE ABLE TO DESTROY THIS
NOTE MYSELF, I AM SURE,
01:07:24.066 --> 01:07:26.400
SO BYE-BYE FOR NOW.
01:07:26.533 --> 01:07:29.100
YOUR DEVOTED SON, JOHN.
01:07:35.800 --> 01:07:38.500
HALFWAY ACROSS, THEY GOT
CAUGHT IN A TIDE OR SOMETHING,
01:07:38.633 --> 01:07:40.900
AND THE JAPANESE
PICKED THEM UP THERE.
01:07:41.066 --> 01:07:43.900
IT WAS QUITE A FEW DAYS
BEFORE WE FOUND OUT
01:07:44.066 --> 01:07:48.933
THAT THEY HAD BEEN CAUGHT,
BUT, UH...THEY WERE EITHER
01:07:49.066 --> 01:07:51.166
SHOT AND BEHEADED
OR BEHEADED ANYWAY.
01:07:51.300 --> 01:07:53.933
AND I, I IMAGINE THEY
SUFFERED A HELL OF A LOT
01:07:54.066 --> 01:07:56.066
BEFORE THEY FINALLY
DONE AWAY WITH THEM,
01:07:56.200 --> 01:07:58.566
BECAUSE THEY WERE THAT
TYPE OF PEOPLE, YOU KNOW.
01:07:58.700 --> 01:08:02.066
AND RIGHT AFTER THAT, THEY
PUT US IN GROUPS OF 10.
01:08:02.133 --> 01:08:04.166
AND IF ONE IF YOU ESCAPED,
01:08:04.300 --> 01:08:06.166
THEY SAID THEY WOULD
KILL THE OTHER NINE.
01:08:06.300 --> 01:08:08.166
AND WE DIDN'T DOUBT
IT FOR ONE BIT.
01:08:08.300 --> 01:08:09.666
IT WOULD HAPPEN.
01:08:09.800 --> 01:08:29.899
THAT'S WHAT THEY WOULD DO.
01:08:30.066 --> 01:08:32.833
[ NARRATOR ]: AFTER ONE YEAR IN
THE PRISON CAMPS OF HONG KONG,
01:08:32.966 --> 01:08:35.566
CANADIAN PRISONERS OF WAR
LIKE BOB CLAYTON
01:08:35.700 --> 01:08:38.233
WERE PUT ONTO SHIPS
AND SENT TO JAPAN.
01:08:38.366 --> 01:08:41.200
THE SHIP THAT WE CAME OVER ON
WASN'T MUCH BIGGER THAN
01:08:41.333 --> 01:08:43.200
THAT ONE GOING RIGHT THERE.
01:08:43.333 --> 01:08:45.233
THERE WERE 500 OF US.
01:08:45.366 --> 01:08:48.066
WE WERE MARCHED ON BOARD
THE SHIP IN HONG KONG,
01:08:48.133 --> 01:08:49.500
AND DOWN INTO THE HOLD.
01:08:49.633 --> 01:08:52.266
THEY CRAMMED AS MANY OF US
DOWN THERE AS WE COULD.
01:08:52.399 --> 01:08:55.766
AND WHEN I MEAN DOWN IN THE
HOLD, I MEAN DOWN IN THE HOLD.
01:08:55.899 --> 01:08:57.500
ALL THERE WAS WAS
THE BOTTOM DECK.
01:08:57.633 --> 01:08:59.500
THAT'S WHERE WE WERE --
THAT'S WHERE WE STAYED.
01:08:59.633 --> 01:09:01.066
I JUST DON'T KNOW HOW LONG
01:09:01.200 --> 01:09:03.333
IT TOOK US TO GET
OVER HERE TO JAPAN,
01:09:03.466 --> 01:09:05.100
BUT IT TOOK US QUITE A WHILE.
01:09:05.233 --> 01:09:07.300
AND WHEN WE DOCKED, UH...
01:09:07.433 --> 01:09:09.566
AND THEY BROUGHT US
UP OUT OF THE HOLD,
01:09:09.700 --> 01:09:11.066
WE MUST HAVE BEEN
SOMETHING ELSE.
01:09:11.200 --> 01:09:13.566
WE COULDN'T SMELL EACH OTHER
BECAUSE WE WERE DOWN THERE,
01:09:13.700 --> 01:09:15.066
BUT WHEN WE COME UP,
01:09:15.200 --> 01:09:18.800
AND THEM BUGGERS WERE UP ON
THE TOP DECK WITH THEIR HANDS
01:09:18.933 --> 01:09:21.533
OVER THEIR NOSE LIKE THAT,
AND I WAS LOOKING AT THEM
01:09:21.666 --> 01:09:23.733
AND THINKING, "WELL,
WE'LL HAVE OUR DAY."
01:09:27.933 --> 01:09:30.066
[ NARRATOR ]: FOR ALMOST
THREE YEARS, CANADIANS WORKED
01:09:30.166 --> 01:09:33.833
AS SLAVE LABOURERS IN
A GIANT SHIPYARD NEAR TOKYO.
01:09:35.933 --> 01:09:38.466
HERE, MANY OF THE VESSELS
FOR JAPAN'S WAR FLEET
01:09:38.600 --> 01:09:41.600
WERE BUILT AND LAUNCHED,
AND STILL ARE TODAY
01:09:41.733 --> 01:09:43.566
BY THE SAME CORPORATION
THAT OPERATED
01:09:43.700 --> 01:09:46.100
THE SHIPYARD DURING THE WAR --
01:09:46.233 --> 01:09:49.366
NKK, NIPPON KO KON,
01:09:49.500 --> 01:09:52.066
A FLOURISHING
JAPANESE MULTINATIONAL.
01:09:54.166 --> 01:09:58.700
BOB CLAYTON WORKED HERE
FOR OVER A YEAR.
01:09:58.833 --> 01:10:00.000
NOW HE CAN FIND ALMOST NO TRACE
WEBVTT
X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=LOCAL:00:00:00.000,MPEGTS:188088
01:10:00.000 --> 01:10:01.733
NOW HE CAN FIND ALMOST NO TRACE
01:10:01.866 --> 01:10:03.866
THAT CANADIANS
WERE EVER PRESENT.
01:10:05.366 --> 01:10:06.900
BUT THE VETERANS HAVE NO TROUBLE
01:10:07.033 --> 01:10:09.100
REMEMBERING THE CONDITIONS
THEY LIVED IN.
01:10:09.233 --> 01:10:11.533
THE MEN WERE FILTHY, STARVING,
01:10:11.666 --> 01:10:13.933
BUT ALWAYS DETERMINED
TO SURVIVE.
01:10:16.666 --> 01:10:18.733
HEY, THE RATS ARE BIG...
01:10:18.866 --> 01:10:20.500
JUST LIKE CATS.
01:10:20.633 --> 01:10:23.333
AROUND THE HOLIDAYS,
WE CAUGHT 22.
01:10:23.466 --> 01:10:27.500
SO FOR CHRISTMAS DINNER,
WE COOKED OUR RATS.
01:10:27.633 --> 01:10:31.066
WE TOOK THE MEAT, EATING IT,
AND THE JUICE -- IT'S FAT.
01:10:31.200 --> 01:10:33.233
SO WE FIGURED WE GOT PROTEIN.
01:10:33.366 --> 01:10:37.066
WE DRINK THEIR JUICE --
VITAMINS, EH?
01:10:37.200 --> 01:10:38.633
BIG IDEA.
01:10:38.766 --> 01:10:41.966
WE'RE LIKE A BUNCH OF KIDS.
01:10:46.933 --> 01:10:51.600
SO THE NEXT DAY, WE GO TO WORK,
AND SICK -- TAB.
01:10:51.733 --> 01:10:54.933
EVERY TWO MINUTES, WE GOT
TO GO TO THE LAVATORY.
01:10:55.066 --> 01:10:57.366
DIARRHEA -- YOU
COULDN'T BELIEVE IT.
01:10:57.500 --> 01:11:00.800
AND EVERY TIME WE COME BACK,
THE JAPANESE CIVILIAN
01:11:00.933 --> 01:11:03.733
IN CHARGE OF US-- WELL,
WE'RE NOT DOING ANY WORK.
01:11:03.866 --> 01:11:05.233
WE'RE JUST RUNNING
TO THE LAVATORY.
01:11:05.366 --> 01:11:06.966
HE BEAT US UP STEADY.
01:11:07.100 --> 01:11:10.933
SO I NEVER ATE ANY MORE
RATS AFTER THAT.
01:11:11.066 --> 01:11:13.900
OH, BUT THEY WERE GOOD.
01:11:14.066 --> 01:11:15.733
HEY, JUST LIKE CHICKEN.
01:11:20.366 --> 01:11:21.733
[ NARRATOR ]:
THIS CARD FROM HOME
01:11:21.866 --> 01:11:23.366
TOPPED OFF CHRISTMAS DINNER...
01:11:29.133 --> 01:11:32.066
IT CAME FROM THE POLITICIAN
WHO SENT THEM TO HONG KONG --
01:11:32.166 --> 01:11:35.500
W.L. MACKENZIE KING,
PRIME MINISTER.
01:11:43.633 --> 01:11:47.433
500 MILES NORTH OF TOKYO
WERE ANOTHER GROUP OF CANADIANS.
01:11:55.366 --> 01:11:59.600
BOB MANCHESTER CAME TO NIAGATA
HOPING FOR THE BEST.
01:12:02.866 --> 01:12:05.800
THIS WAS HIS HOME
FOR THREE YEARS.
01:12:07.866 --> 01:12:10.800
AND HERE HE WOULD LEAVE
MANY OF THESE BUDDIES.
01:12:13.366 --> 01:12:15.566
THE HORROR STARTED
INNOCENTLY ENOUGH,
01:12:15.700 --> 01:12:18.133
WITH LINE-UPS --
LINE-UPS FOR PICTURES,
01:12:18.266 --> 01:12:21.333
LINE-UPS FOR SLAVE LABOUR
IN THE COALYARDS --
01:12:21.466 --> 01:12:23.133
LINE UP AND BE COUNTED,
01:12:23.266 --> 01:12:26.066
SOUNDING OUT YOUR
NUMBER IN JAPANESE.
01:12:26.166 --> 01:12:28.066
[ COUNTING IN JAPANESE ]
01:12:33.366 --> 01:12:36.733
AND IF YOU GOOFED-- IF ANY ONE
OF THOSE MEN ALONG THE LINE
01:12:36.866 --> 01:12:39.700
GOOFED BY MUCKIN' UP THEIR
NUMBER, THEN BANG,
01:12:39.833 --> 01:12:42.900
OVER HIS HEAD WENT THE--
WE STARTED ALL OVER AGAIN.
01:12:45.366 --> 01:12:47.733
[ NARRATOR ]: JOHN STROUD
WAS ONE OF THE FIRST TO ARRIVE.
01:12:47.866 --> 01:12:50.500
[ STROUD ]: THE FIRST THING
YOU HAVE TO LEARN IN JAPAN
01:12:50.633 --> 01:12:55.866
IS BENJO -- THAT'S THE
JAPANESE WORD FOR "OUTHOUSE."
01:12:57.366 --> 01:12:59.733
CHRIST, SOME OF THEM
ARE JUST KIDS.
01:12:59.866 --> 01:13:02.066
THEY CAN'T EVEN
REMEMBER THE WORD.
01:13:02.200 --> 01:13:06.066
SO I TELL THEM, "JUST THINK
OF THE MUSICAL INSTRUMENT."
01:13:06.133 --> 01:13:08.333
"BANJO."
01:13:10.066 --> 01:13:13.333
WELL, AT NIGHT THEY GO
TO THE GUARD, AND THEY SAY...
01:13:15.433 --> 01:13:16.933
"GUITAR."
01:13:17.066 --> 01:13:19.066
"UH, UKELELE."
01:13:19.200 --> 01:13:21.966
"WHAT THE HELL
DID STROUD TELL US?"
01:13:25.066 --> 01:13:27.833
AND THEN THE GUARD BEATS THEM.
01:13:27.966 --> 01:13:31.466
ONE DAY, THE GUARDS CAUGHT
MANCHESTER'S FRIEND
01:13:31.600 --> 01:13:35.233
JOHN MORTIMER AND ACCUSED HIM
OF STEALING A TIN OF SALMON.
01:13:35.366 --> 01:13:37.066
THEY BEAT HIM SAVAGELY.
01:13:37.133 --> 01:13:39.500
[ MANCHESTER ]: THEN THEY
STAKED HIM OUT IN THE COMPOUND
01:13:39.633 --> 01:13:41.966
FOR, UH, ABOUT A WEEK.
01:13:42.100 --> 01:13:47.233
HE HAD GANGRENE SET IN
IN HIS FEET AND HANDS.
01:13:47.366 --> 01:13:52.200
MORTIMER DIED A LINGERING DEATH,
FINISHED OFF BY EXPOSURE.
01:13:58.800 --> 01:14:02.266
IN THE NIAGATA CAMP ON THE
NORTHWEST COAST OF JAPAN,
01:14:02.400 --> 01:14:05.900
THE WINTER OF 1943 WAS ONE
OF THE HARSHEST EVER.
01:14:07.666 --> 01:14:10.600
THE CANADIAN PRISONERS WERE
DRESSED IN SOGGY GRASS CAPES
01:14:10.733 --> 01:14:13.333
AND HAD TO MOVE TONS
OF COAL EACH DAY.
01:14:16.133 --> 01:14:20.433
AFTER TROPICAL HONG KONG,
WINTER WAS UNEXPECTEDLY SAVAGE
01:14:20.566 --> 01:14:22.300
FOR MEN FACING STARVATION.
01:14:25.366 --> 01:14:27.066
TELL YOU HOW WE SLEEP.
01:14:27.133 --> 01:14:29.133
PARTNERS.
01:14:30.633 --> 01:14:33.766
ONE GUY SLEEPS FOR A FEW HOURS.
01:14:33.900 --> 01:14:38.200
AND SO HE WON'T FREEZE
TO DEATH, YOU WAKE HIM UP.
01:14:38.333 --> 01:14:40.233
AND THEN YOU SLEEP.
01:14:42.366 --> 01:14:47.133
LAST WEEK, THIS FELLOW...
01:14:47.266 --> 01:14:49.366
HIS FRIEND WENT TO SLEEP.
01:14:49.500 --> 01:14:52.433
THE FELLOW DIDN'T WAKE HIM UP...
01:14:52.566 --> 01:14:54.433
SO HIS FRIEND FROZE TO DEATH.
01:14:55.966 --> 01:14:57.466
[ SHIVERING ]
WEBVTT
X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=LOCAL:00:00:00.000,MPEGTS:188088
01:15:00.866 --> 01:15:02.900
[ CLAYTON ]: THE BIG THING
WAS PNEUMONIA.
01:15:03.066 --> 01:15:04.600
YOU GOT PNEUMONIA
AND JUST DIED HERE.
01:15:04.733 --> 01:15:06.100
THAT'S ALL THERE WAS TO IT.
01:15:06.233 --> 01:15:07.600
IT DIDN'T--
FUNNY THING, IT DIDN'T
01:15:07.733 --> 01:15:09.533
ONLY HAPPENED TO YOU
IN THE WINTERTIME.
01:15:09.666 --> 01:15:11.566
IT HAPPENED TO YOU
IN SUMMERTIME.
01:15:11.700 --> 01:15:15.366
I WAS WORKING OUT HERE
AND IT WAS AUGUST 1943.
01:15:15.500 --> 01:15:18.066
AND ALL OF A SUDDEN...
I CAN'T GET MY BREATH.
01:15:18.166 --> 01:15:21.066
JUST HAPPENED
THAT QUICK -- BANG!
01:15:21.166 --> 01:15:23.533
AND TAR BABY, MY BUDDY I WAS
WORKING WITH SAID,
01:15:23.666 --> 01:15:25.066
"WHAT'S THE MATTER, FLASH?"
01:15:25.166 --> 01:15:27.066
I DON'T KNOW,
I CAN'T GET MY BREATH.
01:15:27.133 --> 01:15:30.066
ANYWAY, I HAD TO COME UP
THE ROAD HERE TO THE JAPS,
01:15:30.166 --> 01:15:31.733
AND WENT IN TO SEE THE GUARDS.
01:15:31.866 --> 01:15:34.233
THEY LOOKED ME OVER
AND PUT ME IN A CART
01:15:34.366 --> 01:15:36.066
AND TOOK ME INTO CAMP.
01:15:36.133 --> 01:15:38.566
I WENT INTO CAMP
AND I SAW CAPTAIN REID.
01:15:38.700 --> 01:15:42.066
AND HE SAID, "FLASH, GET
YOUR CLOTHES AND GO IN THERE."
01:15:42.166 --> 01:15:44.133
THAT'S LIKE SAYING
YOU'RE ON YOUR WAY
01:15:44.266 --> 01:15:45.666
TO THE CREMATORIUM, YOU KNOW.
01:15:45.800 --> 01:15:47.166
I KEPT SAYING TO MYSELF,
01:15:47.300 --> 01:15:50.233
I'M COMING OUT
OF THIS GOD-DAMNED PLACE AND...
01:15:53.600 --> 01:15:55.233
[ NARRATOR ]: BECAUSE
THE JAPANESE AUTHORITIES
01:15:55.366 --> 01:15:57.133
WERE WITHHOLDING MEDICINE,
01:15:57.266 --> 01:16:01.433
THERE WAS LITTLE ANY CANADIAN
ARMY DOCTOR COULD DO.
01:16:01.566 --> 01:16:04.300
PRETTY HARD, SEEING
YOUR BUDDIES DIE.
01:16:04.433 --> 01:16:07.700
AND I CAN REMEMBER LYLE ELLIS
DYING AND JIMMY AMOR DYING
01:16:07.833 --> 01:16:11.666
AND MURRAY GOODENOUGH DYING, AND
I CAN REMEMBER DOC REID CRYING,
01:16:11.800 --> 01:16:13.300
BECAUSE HE COULDN'T
DO ANYTHING, EH.
01:16:16.833 --> 01:16:19.233
AT CLAYTON'S CAMP
AND HERE AT NIAGATA,
01:16:19.366 --> 01:16:21.233
THE DEATH RATE SKYROCKETED.
01:16:21.366 --> 01:16:23.733
IT WAS SIX TIMES HIGHER
THAN THE DEATH RATE
01:16:23.866 --> 01:16:26.066
AT POW CAMPS IN GERMANY.
01:16:28.300 --> 01:16:32.166
DOC REID SAID, "FLASH,
WE HAVE TO TAKE THESE FELLOWS"
01:16:32.300 --> 01:16:33.666
"TO THE CREMATORIUM."
01:16:33.800 --> 01:16:36.333
WE STOOD THERE WHILE THEY SHOVED
THEM IN, BOX AND ALL.
01:16:36.466 --> 01:16:38.800
IT'S A WONDER THEY DIDN'T
EVEN SAVE THE BLOODY WOOD.
01:16:38.933 --> 01:16:42.200
UH, THERE WAS RICE BALLS AROUND
THERE AND SOME FISH,
01:16:42.333 --> 01:16:45.666
AND WE WERE PINCHING IT, YOU
KNOW, KIND OF SNEAK SOME OF IT;
01:16:45.800 --> 01:16:47.166
WE WERE HUNGRY AS HELL.
01:16:47.300 --> 01:16:48.900
ONE OF THE GUYS SAID,
"JESUS, FLASH,"
01:16:49.066 --> 01:16:51.400
"IF THEY CATCH US, WE'LL GO
INTO THE CREMATORIUM ALIVE."
01:16:51.533 --> 01:16:54.833
I SAID, "WELL, HELL,
WE'LL GO IN FULL, ANYWAY."
01:16:54.966 --> 01:16:58.066
LITTLE BIT OF HUMOUR WITH
A HELL OF A LOT OF TRAGEDY.
01:17:01.866 --> 01:17:03.233
[ NARRATOR ]:
MANY OF THE JAPANESE
01:17:03.366 --> 01:17:05.200
THAT LIVE AND WORK
IN THE NEIGHBOURHOOD
01:17:05.333 --> 01:17:06.700
NEAR THE OLD PRISON CAMP
01:17:06.833 --> 01:17:09.700
HAVE A DIFFERENT VIEW OF
THE TREATMENT GIVEN CANADIANS
01:17:09.833 --> 01:17:11.366
AND OTHER PRISONERS.
01:17:11.500 --> 01:17:14.300
80-YEAR-OLD MR. KUWATO
WORKED IN THE SHIPYARD
01:17:14.433 --> 01:17:16.933
DURING THE WAR,
AND HE STAYED ON FOR MANY YEARS
01:17:17.066 --> 01:17:19.666
WITH THE NKK COMPANY.
01:17:19.800 --> 01:17:25.066
HE WAS INTERESTED IN MEETING
THE CANADIAN VETERANS,
01:17:25.133 --> 01:17:27.433
AND HE EVEN HAD SOME
SOUVENIR PICTURES
01:17:27.566 --> 01:17:29.566
THAT HE WANTED TO SHOW THEM.
01:17:29.700 --> 01:17:31.333
...PHOTO OF
THAT TIME.
01:17:31.466 --> 01:17:33.866
PHOTOGRAPHS
OF THE CAMP.
01:17:34.066 --> 01:17:39.133
THERE WERE PICTURES OF THE POWs
LINED UP OUTSIDE THEIR BARRACKS.
01:17:39.266 --> 01:17:43.333
[ SPEAKING JAPANESE ]
01:17:43.466 --> 01:17:47.866
PICTURES OF THE PRISONERS
SUPPOSEDLY HAVING A PARTY.
01:17:48.066 --> 01:17:49.366
CHRISTMAS PARTY.
01:17:49.500 --> 01:17:51.633
OH, CHRISTMAS PARTY.
01:17:51.766 --> 01:17:53.133
AH, SO.
01:17:53.266 --> 01:17:55.133
AH, TELL HIM THEY DON'T LOOK
TOO HAPPY.
01:17:55.266 --> 01:17:58.100
THERE ISN'T ANY OF THEM SMILING.
01:17:58.233 --> 01:18:00.733
THEY WERE OLD PROPAGANDA
PICTURES FROM THE NEIGHBOURING
01:18:00.866 --> 01:18:04.600
AMERICAN POW CAMP, FOR WHICH
THE PRISONERS WERE FORCED
01:18:04.733 --> 01:18:07.633
TO STAGE HAPPY-LOOKING
OCCASIONS.
01:18:07.766 --> 01:18:09.233
[ SPEAKING
JAPANESE ]
01:18:09.366 --> 01:18:11.200
...CHRISTMAS DAY.
01:18:11.333 --> 01:18:12.833
YEAH, AT
CHRISTMAS.
01:18:12.966 --> 01:18:14.466
MR. KUWATO WANTED TO POINT OUT
01:18:14.600 --> 01:18:18.066
THE VERY GOOD TREATMENT
GIVEN PRISONERS.
01:18:18.133 --> 01:18:19.633
[ SPEAKING
JAPANESE ]
01:18:21.366 --> 01:18:22.833
[ INTERPRETER ]:
THEY COULD RECEIVE
01:18:22.966 --> 01:18:24.333
MANY CAKES,
OR SOMETHING...
01:18:24.466 --> 01:18:27.133
MANY CAKES?
TELL HIM THEY WERE LUCKY.
01:18:27.266 --> 01:18:28.633
WE DIDN'T GET ANY.
01:18:28.766 --> 01:18:30.700
[ SPEAKING
JAPANESE ]
01:18:30.833 --> 01:18:34.233
WAS HE A GUARD THERE, OR...
01:18:34.366 --> 01:18:35.866
[ SPEAKING
JAPANESE ]
01:18:39.433 --> 01:18:40.800
[ SPEAKING
JAPANESE ]
01:18:40.933 --> 01:18:42.300
[ NARRATOR ]: HE WAS A GUARD.
01:18:42.433 --> 01:18:45.066
HE POINTED HIMSELF OUT
IN THE PICTURE.
01:18:45.200 --> 01:18:47.133
HE WAS THE CAPTAIN
OF THE GUARDS.
01:18:47.266 --> 01:18:50.833
BUT HE SAID THAT HE ONLY WORKED
IN ADMINISTRATION.
01:18:50.966 --> 01:18:53.533
I WOULD LIKE TO KNOW
HOW DOES HE THINK
01:18:53.666 --> 01:18:57.100
THAT THE POWs WERE
TREATED IN HIS CAMP?
01:18:57.233 --> 01:18:59.100
WHAT DID HE THINK
OF THE TREATMENT?
01:18:59.233 --> 01:19:00.666
[ SPEAKING
JAPANESE ]
01:19:00.800 --> 01:19:02.300
[ SPEAKING
JAPANESE ]
01:19:05.733 --> 01:19:09.300
MR. KUWATO ALLOWED AS HOW
THERE WERE SOME PROBLEMS THERE.
01:19:09.433 --> 01:19:10.800
SOMETIMES
THE DIFFERENCE
01:19:10.933 --> 01:19:13.366
OF THE CULTURES
AND THE CUSTOMS.
01:19:13.500 --> 01:19:16.500
IT ISN'T A CUSTOM TO BE HUNGRY
ALL THE TIME, DEAR.
01:19:16.633 --> 01:19:19.800
I GUESS A LOT OF POWs DIED
IN HIS CAMP?
01:19:19.933 --> 01:19:21.433
[ SPEAKING
JAPANESE ]
01:19:26.533 --> 01:19:28.300
JUST ONE,
HE REMEMBERS.
01:19:28.433 --> 01:19:29.933
ONE?
01:19:31.933 --> 01:19:33.300
HE GOT SICK
AND DIED.
01:19:33.433 --> 01:19:35.300
HE GOT SI--
HE GOT SICK AND DIED?
01:19:35.433 --> 01:19:38.733
I THINK THIS GENTLEMAN
HAS A POOR MEMORY, DEAR.
01:19:38.866 --> 01:19:40.733
WELL, MANY MEN DIED
IN OUR CAMP, DEAR.
01:19:40.866 --> 01:19:42.233
MANY, MANY.
01:19:42.366 --> 01:19:43.900
I TOOK FOUR OUT ONE TIME MYSELF
01:19:44.066 --> 01:19:46.300
TO THE CREMATORIUM, IN A CART.
01:19:46.433 --> 01:19:48.066
IF YOU GOT PNEUMONIA,
YOU JUST DIED.
01:19:48.166 --> 01:19:50.533
SO IT HAD TO BE
THE SAME IN HIS CAMP.
01:19:50.666 --> 01:19:52.166
[ SPEAKING
JAPANESE ]
01:19:55.600 --> 01:19:56.966
[ SPEAKING JAPANESE ]
01:19:57.100 --> 01:19:58.400
HE NEVER HEARD
ABOUT THAT.
01:19:58.533 --> 01:19:59.900
HE NEVER HEARD
ABOUT THAT?
WEBVTT
X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=LOCAL:00:00:00.000,MPEGTS:188088
01:20:00.033 --> 01:20:02.666
HE DIDN'T KNOW
THAT, NO.
01:20:02.800 --> 01:20:05.166
THAT'S ALL RIGHT.
01:20:05.300 --> 01:20:07.300
I KNOW, THEY NEVER REMEMBER,
YOU KNOW.
01:20:08.966 --> 01:20:10.666
UH-HMM, UH-HMM.
01:20:10.800 --> 01:20:13.166
MAYBE THE DIFFERENCE
OF THE CULTURE OR SOMETHING.
01:20:13.300 --> 01:20:14.666
THEY COULDN'T UNDERSTAND
EACH OTHER.
01:20:14.800 --> 01:20:16.233
THAT'S WHY THERE'S
A POSSIBILITY.
01:20:16.366 --> 01:20:17.733
WE COULDN'T
UNDERSTAND THEM
01:20:17.866 --> 01:20:19.366
EITHER, DEAR.
01:20:23.633 --> 01:20:25.666
[ NARRATOR ]: NIPPON KO KAN
01:20:25.800 --> 01:20:28.566
AND ITS FOUNDER,
MOROSIRO SHIAICHI, MADE MILLIONS
01:20:28.700 --> 01:20:31.166
OF DOLLARS PROFITING
FROM THE JAPANESE WAR EFFORT,
01:20:31.300 --> 01:20:35.033
PARTLY FROM USING CANADIAN
PRISONERS AS SLAVE LABOURERS.
01:20:35.166 --> 01:20:38.766
IN SIMILAR CIRCUMSTANCES, GERMAN
CORPORATIONS HAVE PAID BILLIONS
01:20:38.900 --> 01:20:42.233
OF DOLLARS IN COMPENSATION
TO WARTIME WORKERS.
01:20:42.366 --> 01:20:43.933
JAPANESE COMPANIES
ARE BEING PRESSED
01:20:44.066 --> 01:20:46.233
BY CANADA'S VETERANS
FOR COMPENSATION,
01:20:46.366 --> 01:20:48.800
BUT REFUSE EVEN
TO DISCUSS THE ISSUE.
01:20:55.966 --> 01:20:57.733
IN JAPAN, THERE'S
NO OFFICIAL ACCOUNT
01:20:57.866 --> 01:20:59.733
OF THE CONDUCT OF THE IMPERIAL
01:20:59.866 --> 01:21:03.466
JAPANESE ARMY DURING AND AFTER
THE BATTLE FOR HONG KONG.
01:21:03.600 --> 01:21:05.466
THE DARK EVENTS
OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR
01:21:05.600 --> 01:21:07.733
ARE NOT EVEN TAUGHT
IN THE SCHOOLS.
01:21:07.866 --> 01:21:09.733
THESE SOLDIERS FOUGHT
IN HONG KONG,
01:21:09.866 --> 01:21:11.733
AND THEY'RE NOW PREPARED
TO TALK ABOUT IT.
01:21:11.866 --> 01:21:15.966
THEY COME TO THE CONTROVERSIAL
YASAKUNI SHRINE IN TOKYO,
01:21:16.100 --> 01:21:17.633
A RELIC OF THE OLD
POTENT MARRIAGE
01:21:17.766 --> 01:21:22.933
BETWEEN THE SHINTO RELIGION
AND JAPANESE MILITARISM.
01:21:23.066 --> 01:21:25.566
THEY PERFORM AN OLD
SAMURAI RITUAL,
01:21:25.700 --> 01:21:28.666
CALLING UP THE SPIRITS
OF THEIR FALLEN COMRADES.
01:21:33.766 --> 01:21:35.266
[ SPEAKING JAPANESE ]
01:21:38.633 --> 01:21:40.066
[ NARRATOR ]: SHINSUKI ADACHI
01:21:40.133 --> 01:21:42.100
STILL BELIEVES
IN THE BUSHIDO CODE.
01:21:42.233 --> 01:21:44.866
SURRENDER, HE SAYS,
SHAMES ONE'S FAMILY.
01:21:45.066 --> 01:21:47.066
HE CAN'T UNDERSTAND
THE CANADIANS WHO DID IT.
01:21:50.266 --> 01:21:54.666
SUICIDE WITH A KNIFE, HARA KIRI,
IS THE WARRIOR'S WAY OUT.
01:21:54.800 --> 01:21:58.733
SHUICHI KAMATA, ON THE OTHER
HAND, ENVIED THE FACT
01:21:58.866 --> 01:22:00.433
THAT CANADIANS COULD SURRENDER.
01:22:01.933 --> 01:22:05.866
FACING THE ROYAL RIFLES
AT STANLEY, HE WAS ORDERED
01:22:06.066 --> 01:22:09.766
TO MAKE SUICIDE CHARGES
UNTIL HIS PLATOON OF 25
01:22:09.900 --> 01:22:13.066
WERE ALL KILLED
OR BADLY WOUNDED.
01:22:13.133 --> 01:22:16.133
HE SUFFERED GUNSHOT WOUNDS
IN THE LEFT ARM AND LEG,
01:22:16.266 --> 01:22:18.200
AND STILL CARRIES THREE PIECES
01:22:18.333 --> 01:22:21.700
OF AN EXPLODING CANADIAN HAND
GRENADE IN HIS BACK.
01:22:26.366 --> 01:22:27.733
THAT WAS HIS CHRISTMAS DAY.
01:22:27.866 --> 01:22:31.300
SAME DAY AS
THE ST. STEPHEN'S MASSACRE.
01:22:44.066 --> 01:22:47.400
THE JAPANESE SOLDIERS WERE EAGER
TO DISCUSS THE HONG KONG BATTLE
01:22:47.533 --> 01:22:49.633
WITH THEIR OLD CANADIAN
OPPONENTS.
01:22:49.766 --> 01:22:51.566
FIELD GUNS CAUSED US
A LOT OF TROUBLE.
01:22:51.700 --> 01:22:54.633
[ SPEAKING
JAPANESE ]
01:22:54.766 --> 01:22:57.266
AND SO BOB MANCHESTER AGREED
TO MEET WITH THEM
01:22:57.400 --> 01:23:00.200
AT A RESTAURANT IN TOKYO.
01:23:02.633 --> 01:23:05.433
WELL, UH, A FIELD GUN...
01:23:05.566 --> 01:23:07.666
AND YOU WERE FIRING DOWN
IN A, IN A...
01:23:07.800 --> 01:23:10.266
SMALL GUN.
01:23:10.400 --> 01:23:13.266
FOR A WHILE THERE WAS A MOOD
OF COMRADESHIP AT THE DINNER.
01:23:13.400 --> 01:23:16.433
OLD SOLDIERS TRADING STORIES
ABOUT HOW THE BATTLE LOOKED
01:23:16.566 --> 01:23:17.966
FROM THEIR VANTAGE POINT.
01:23:18.100 --> 01:23:20.300
THAT POINT.
01:23:20.433 --> 01:23:22.766
THEN MR. ADACHI PRODUCED
SOME ENLARGED PICTURES
01:23:22.900 --> 01:23:26.866
OF THE BATTLE LOCATIONS
FROM 1941.
01:23:27.066 --> 01:23:30.600
BOB MANCHESTER ASKED TO SEE THE
ST. STEPHEN'S COLLEGE HOSPITAL,
01:23:30.733 --> 01:23:33.466
WHERE THE ATROCITY TOOK
PLACE ON CHRISTMAS DAY.
01:23:33.600 --> 01:23:34.966
[ INTERPRETER ]:
THAT ONE BUILDING
01:23:35.100 --> 01:23:36.466
MIGHT BE
THE HOSPITAL
01:23:36.600 --> 01:23:37.966
HE REMEMBERS.
01:23:38.100 --> 01:23:39.466
YEAH, THIS ONE HERE.
01:23:39.600 --> 01:23:41.733
THIS ONE HERE.
01:23:41.866 --> 01:23:44.066
MY FRIEND IS HERE WITH ME.
01:23:44.133 --> 01:23:47.433
HE WAS SUPPOSED
TO VISIT WITH-- TONIGHT,
01:23:47.566 --> 01:23:53.766
BUT HE WAS SO UPSET BECAUSE
HE AND ALL THE OTHER CANADIANS
01:23:53.900 --> 01:23:57.800
THAT WERE IN THIS
HOSPITAL WERE...
01:23:57.933 --> 01:24:00.600
THEY WERE TREATED, BEING TREATED
FOR THEIR WOUNDS,
01:24:00.733 --> 01:24:03.500
AND THE JAPANESE CAME IN
AND KILLED MOSTLY
01:24:03.633 --> 01:24:06.166
ALL OF THE MEN
THAT WERE IN THE HOSPITAL.
01:24:06.300 --> 01:24:08.133
AND MY FRIEND REFUSED
TO COME DOWN TONIGHT
01:24:08.266 --> 01:24:10.766
BECAUSE HE'S SO UPSET ABOUT
THE WHOLE INCIDENT.
01:24:10.900 --> 01:24:12.400
[ SPEAKING
JAPANESE ]
01:24:14.866 --> 01:24:17.733
THESE MEN SAID THEY HAD NOTHING
TO DO WITH THAT INCIDENT,
01:24:17.866 --> 01:24:20.233
AND IN FACT CLAIMED THEY WERE
HEARING THE STORY
01:24:20.366 --> 01:24:22.866
OF THIS JAPANESE ATROCITY
FOR THE FIRST TIME.
01:24:28.066 --> 01:24:32.533
SUICHI KAMATA'S FIRST REACTION
SEEMED ONE OF OF DEEP REGRET.
01:24:32.666 --> 01:24:34.333
THE OTHERS APPEARED
MORE AMBIVALENT.
01:24:34.466 --> 01:24:37.233
[ MANCHESTER ]:
WHEN IT CAME DOWN TO
01:24:37.366 --> 01:24:40.833
THE QUESTION OF ATROCITIES,
01:24:40.966 --> 01:24:45.966
THE BLIND SEEMED TO COME DOWN
AND THERE WAS A SUDDEN, UM,
01:24:46.100 --> 01:24:49.366
SILENCE OF THOUGHT
AND SILENCE OF ACTION.
01:24:49.500 --> 01:24:50.866
AND, UH, YOU CAN
APPRECIATE THAT.
01:24:51.066 --> 01:24:55.166
I MEAN, NO, NO WARRIOR--
WHETHER THEY HAD COMMITTED
01:24:55.300 --> 01:24:57.766
THE ATROCITIES THEMSELVES
OR HAD WITNESSED THEM,
01:24:57.900 --> 01:25:00.000
OR HEARD ANY OF THEIR CHUMS
TALK ABOUT ATROCITIES,
WEBVTT
X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=LOCAL:00:00:00.000,MPEGTS:188088
01:25:00.000 --> 01:25:01.100
OR HEARD ANY OF THEIR CHUMS
TALK ABOUT ATROCITIES,
01:25:01.233 --> 01:25:02.600
IS GOING TO ADMIT THAT,
01:25:02.733 --> 01:25:04.766
LEAST OF ALL TO STRANGERS.
01:25:10.233 --> 01:25:11.733
[ NARRATOR ]:
IN THE SUMMER OF 1945,
01:25:11.866 --> 01:25:14.233
MOST OF THE CANADIANS
WERE SENT DOWN
01:25:14.366 --> 01:25:17.466
TO WORK IN JAPANESE COAL MINES.
01:25:17.600 --> 01:25:21.066
IN THOSE LAST DAYS OF THE WAR,
THE EMPEROR'S MILITARY LEADERS
01:25:21.200 --> 01:25:23.633
WERE PLANNING ONE LAST CRIME.
01:25:23.766 --> 01:25:25.633
IF JAPAN WAS INVADED,
01:25:25.766 --> 01:25:29.866
ALL PRISONERS OF WAR
WOULD BE EXECUTED.
01:25:30.066 --> 01:25:32.700
THE END, HOWEVER,
CAME FAR MORE QUICKLY
01:25:32.833 --> 01:25:50.766
THAN THE EMPEROR'S MEN
HAD ANTICIPATED.
01:25:50.900 --> 01:25:53.833
[ NARRATOR ]:
IN AUGUST 1945, ATOMIC BOMBS
01:25:53.966 --> 01:25:58.266
KILLED 12O,000 JAPANESE.
01:26:00.333 --> 01:26:03.600
THE PRISONERS SAY THE BOMB
ENDED THEIR AGONY
01:26:03.733 --> 01:26:06.433
AND SAVED THEIR LIVES.
01:26:06.566 --> 01:26:09.233
THE SECRET PLAN
TO EXECUTE THEM WAS DROPPED.
01:26:09.366 --> 01:26:14.300
THIS IS HOW CANADIANS LIKE
ROGER CYR LEARNED THEIR FATE.
01:26:17.833 --> 01:26:20.066
WE CAME UP FROM THE MINE
TO THE SURFACE.
01:26:24.400 --> 01:26:27.666
THE JAPS HAD RIGGED LOUDSPEAKERS
TO UTILITY POLES,
01:26:27.800 --> 01:26:30.733
AND THEY MADE US SIT
AROUND IN A CIRCLE.
01:26:37.900 --> 01:26:39.333
THEN WE HEARD THIS VOICE...
01:26:39.466 --> 01:26:43.700
THIS, THIS DISEMBODIED VOICE
CAME ON THE AIR.
01:26:46.666 --> 01:26:48.633
I DIDN'T UNDERSTAND WHAT
THE HELL HE WAS SAYING.
01:26:48.766 --> 01:26:52.066
IT WAS, IT WAS A SORT OF
JAPANESE I COULDN'T UNDERSTAND.
01:26:54.066 --> 01:26:56.933
SO ONE OF THE FOREMEN WAS SORT
OF INTERPRETING FOR US,
01:26:57.066 --> 01:27:01.433
AND HE SAID,
"THAT'S THE EMPEROR."
01:27:01.566 --> 01:27:03.666
[ SPEAKING
JAPANESE ]
01:27:09.066 --> 01:27:11.066
[ NARRATOR ]: THE BROADCAST
OF HIROHITO'S SURRENDER SPEECH
01:27:11.166 --> 01:27:13.700
FROM THE IMPERIAL PALACE
WAS THE FIRST TIME
01:27:13.833 --> 01:27:17.166
THAT MOST JAPANESE HAD EVER
HEARD THE EMPEROR'S VOICE.
01:27:17.300 --> 01:27:20.366
HE TOLD THEM THEY MUST LEARN
TO BEAR THE UNBEARABLE,
01:27:20.500 --> 01:27:23.633
THAT THE ENEMY HAD DEVELOPED
A WEAPON SO POWERFUL
01:27:23.766 --> 01:27:26.633
THERE WAS NO OTHER CHOICE
BUT SURRENDER.
01:27:58.533 --> 01:28:01.133
THE PRISON HOSPITALS IN HONG
HONG AND JAPAN WERE FILLED
01:28:01.266 --> 01:28:03.233
WITH MEN AT THE EDGE OF DEATH.
01:28:05.066 --> 01:28:08.500
THOSE WHO SURVIVED WOULD
NEVER FULLY RECOVER
01:28:08.633 --> 01:28:10.133
FROM THEIR ORDEAL.
01:28:18.433 --> 01:28:22.333
THE CANADIAN POWs WERE BROUGHT
OUT TO AMERICAN SHIPS,
01:28:22.466 --> 01:28:26.133
LIKE THE USS WISCONSIN,
ANCHORED IN TOKYO BAY,
01:28:26.266 --> 01:28:30.700
WHERE THOUSANDS OF SAILORS
WATCHED THEM COME ABOARD.
01:28:37.166 --> 01:28:40.333
THE AMERICAN FORCES ON THE
WISCONSIN WANTED TO GIVE SPECIAL
01:28:40.466 --> 01:28:42.866
WELCOMES TO EACH OF THE POWs
BROUGHT ABOARD,
01:28:43.066 --> 01:28:47.266
SO INDIVIDUAL U.S. SAILORS,
LIKE MACHINIST MATE BOB GRILLO,
01:28:47.400 --> 01:28:49.633
WERE ASSIGNED TO TAKE CARE
OF CANADIAN SOLDIERS
01:28:49.766 --> 01:28:51.566
OF EQUIVALENT RANK.
01:28:59.866 --> 01:29:03.933
WHEN SERGEANT BOB CLAYTON WALKED
UP THIS GANGPLANK IN 1945,
01:29:04.066 --> 01:29:06.166
HE WAS ASSIGNED TO BOB GRILLO.
01:29:06.300 --> 01:29:08.333
MORE THAN FOUR DECADES LATER,
THEY MEET AGAIN.
01:29:08.466 --> 01:29:10.833
HOW ARE YOU DOING, ROBERT --
PERMISSION TO COME ABOARD?
01:29:10.966 --> 01:29:13.400
I NEVER ASKED YOU THAT
45 YEARS AGO.
01:29:13.533 --> 01:29:14.900
AND I'M NOT HUNGRY THIS TIME.
01:29:15.066 --> 01:29:16.400
AND YOU'RE NOT
THAT SAME LITTLE
01:29:16.533 --> 01:29:17.900
SKINNY KID,
EITHER.
01:29:18.066 --> 01:29:19.900
NO, I'M NOT.
01:29:20.066 --> 01:29:21.400
YOU'RE LOOKING
GREAT.
01:29:21.533 --> 01:29:22.900
WHAT HAPPENED TO YOU?
01:29:23.066 --> 01:29:24.400
SAME THING
HAPPENED
01:29:24.533 --> 01:29:26.233
TO YOU --
YOU LOOK GOOD.
01:29:26.366 --> 01:29:29.566
NEVER FORGOT YOU GUYS
AND WHAT YOU DID FOR US.
01:29:29.700 --> 01:29:32.233
WONDERFUL, JUST WONDERFUL.
01:29:32.366 --> 01:29:34.233
[ NARRATOR ]: FOR BOB CLAYTON,
THE STRONGEST IMPRESSION
01:29:34.366 --> 01:29:36.733
WAS LEFT BY THE AMERICAN OFFICER
WHO TOOK COMMAND
01:29:36.866 --> 01:29:38.433
OF THE PRISONERS
AS THEY CAME ABOARD.
01:29:38.566 --> 01:29:40.966
AND HE SAID, "SAILOR,
YOU LOOK AT THAT SOLDIER."
01:29:41.100 --> 01:29:42.466
"SOLDIER, YOU LOOK
AT THAT SAILOR."
01:29:42.600 --> 01:29:44.966
SO YOU AND I ARE LOOKING
AT EACH OTHER.
01:29:45.100 --> 01:29:47.466
HE SAYS, "ANYTHING HE WANTS,
YOU GET IT FOR HIM."
01:29:47.600 --> 01:29:50.466
"AND IF IT'S NOT ON THIS SHIP,
YOU GO AND GET IT."
01:29:50.600 --> 01:29:53.466
"YOU LOOK AFTER HIM,
AND HE CAN EAT 24 HOURS A DAY."
01:29:53.600 --> 01:29:55.200
"NOW I'M GOING
TO TELL YOU SOMETHING."
01:29:55.333 --> 01:29:56.933
"YOU'RE THE HUNGRIEST LOOKING
BUNCH OF BASTARDS"
01:29:57.066 --> 01:29:58.433
"I EVER SAW IN MY LIFE."
01:29:58.566 --> 01:30:00.000
"WE'RE GOING TO DO
SOMETHING ABOUT IT NOW."
WEBVTT
X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=LOCAL:00:00:00.000,MPEGTS:188088
01:30:00.000 --> 01:30:00.433
"WE'RE GOING TO DO
SOMETHING ABOUT IT NOW."
01:30:00.566 --> 01:30:02.866
IF I CAN REMEMBER --
THAT'S SO MANY YEARS AGO --
01:30:03.000 --> 01:30:06.100
BUT I THINK THEY JUST PUT SOME
TABLES OUT RIGHT ALONG HERE.
01:30:06.233 --> 01:30:08.100
WE SAT DOWN
AND THE GUY COME OUT,
01:30:08.233 --> 01:30:10.100
THEY COME OUT
WITH THE BACON AND EGGS.
01:30:10.233 --> 01:30:12.600
I THINK THE GUY SERVED THEM
WITH A PITCHFORK.
01:30:12.733 --> 01:30:14.100
THEY JUST-- BOOM, AND IT HIT--
01:30:14.233 --> 01:30:15.600
HE DIDN'T HAVE
A CHOW PLATE.
01:30:15.733 --> 01:30:18.133
HOW COULD WE BRING
YOU DOWN BELOW?
01:30:18.266 --> 01:30:19.966
AND YOU'D ONLY FINISH ONE EGG,
01:30:20.100 --> 01:30:21.966
AND HE'D BE BACK
WITH ABOUT TWO MORE.
01:30:22.100 --> 01:30:23.966
WE HAD THE BACON; WE HAD TOAST.
01:30:24.100 --> 01:30:25.700
I THINK HALF OF US GOT SICK.
01:30:25.833 --> 01:30:27.200
WE WEREN'T USED TO THAT GREASE.
01:30:27.333 --> 01:30:28.900
I'LL NEVER FORGET
HOW GOOD YOU WERE.
01:30:29.033 --> 01:30:31.433
DUNAWAY.
01:30:31.566 --> 01:30:33.066
BROACH.
01:30:35.233 --> 01:30:36.733
...CAPTAIN ON YOUR SHIP...
01:30:36.866 --> 01:30:38.800
[ NARRATOR ]: THE AMERICAN NAVY
TRANSPORTED THE CANADIANS
01:30:38.933 --> 01:30:40.233
BACK TO NORTH AMERICA.
01:30:40.366 --> 01:30:43.900
THE MEN LOOKED FORWARD TO
PUTTING LIVES BACK TOGETHER.
01:30:44.033 --> 01:30:46.300
ONE WINNIPEG GRENADIER
SEARCHED FOR A BROTHER
01:30:46.433 --> 01:30:50.933
HE LEFT NEAR DEATH IN HONG KONG,
ARMAND BOURBONIERE.
01:30:51.066 --> 01:30:53.300
YOU KNOW WHERE I SAW HIM AGAIN?
01:30:53.433 --> 01:30:54.866
SAN FRANCISCO.
01:30:55.000 --> 01:31:00.400
THE NAVY GAVE ME
THIS SAILOR UNIFORM.
01:31:00.533 --> 01:31:03.666
SO HE DOESN'T RECOGNIZE ME.
01:31:03.800 --> 01:31:05.300
AND I DIDN'T TELL HIM.
01:31:07.200 --> 01:31:11.466
HE STARTED TO TALK TO ME
ABOUT THE BROTHER HE LOST.
01:31:11.600 --> 01:31:13.100
ME?
01:31:14.766 --> 01:31:17.633
THEN WE GOT ON THE TRAIN
TO SEATTLE.
01:31:17.766 --> 01:31:23.666
AND THEN I SAID, "WOULD YOU LIKE
TO MEET YOUR BROTHER AGAIN?"
01:31:23.800 --> 01:31:25.633
HE GOES, "IS HE ALIVE?"
01:31:27.600 --> 01:31:29.100
AND I GO, "YEAH."
01:31:32.600 --> 01:31:34.433
"I'M YOUR BROTHER."
01:31:36.633 --> 01:31:40.166
SO HE...HE STARTED CRYING.
01:31:53.066 --> 01:31:56.266
IN OCTOBER 1945,
01:31:56.400 --> 01:32:00.766
FOUR YEARS AFTER THEY LEFT
CANADA, THE HONG KONG VETERANS
01:32:00.900 --> 01:32:02.500
WERE FINALLY HOME AGAIN.
01:32:05.066 --> 01:32:06.666
[ CLAYTON ]:
NOW, WHEN I ARRIVED,
01:32:06.800 --> 01:32:08.800
AND THERE WERE 68
OF MY RELATIVES.
01:32:08.933 --> 01:32:11.100
IT WAS 8:00 IN THE MORNING.
I WAS EMOTIONAL.
01:32:11.233 --> 01:32:12.733
MA STARTED TO CRY, AND I SAID,
01:32:12.866 --> 01:32:15.266
"HEY, MA, I'M HOME NOW,
YOU KNOW."
01:32:15.400 --> 01:32:18.900
AND THEN WHEN WE ARRIVED AT MY
PLACE, ALL THE TIME I WAS AWAY--
01:32:19.066 --> 01:32:20.833
IT WAS CHRISTMAS DAY
WHEN I ARRIVED HOME.
01:32:20.966 --> 01:32:22.766
IT WAS OCTOBER,
BUT IT WAS CHRISTMAS DAY.
01:32:22.900 --> 01:32:25.633
MY DAD HAD COOKED UP GEESE,
'CAUSE I LOVE GOOSE, YOU KNOW,
01:32:25.766 --> 01:32:27.966
AND HE HAD I DON'T KNOW
HOW MANY PUMPKIN PIES.
01:32:28.100 --> 01:32:29.600
THE STREET WAS BLOCKED OFF.
01:32:29.733 --> 01:32:33.300
AND ALL THE TIME I WAS AWAY,
MY MOTHER PUT MY CHRISTMAS
01:32:33.433 --> 01:32:34.800
PRESENTS UNDER
THE CHRISTMAS TREE.
01:32:34.933 --> 01:32:37.733
AND THEN WITH MANY A TEAR, I
GUESS, SHE'D PICKED THEM UP
01:32:37.866 --> 01:32:40.166
AND PUT THEM IN A CUPBOARD
UNTIL I COME BACK.
01:32:40.300 --> 01:32:42.166
WHEN I COME BACK,
I GOT THOSE PRESENTS.
01:32:42.300 --> 01:32:45.566
SO SHE NEVER HAD ANY DOUBTS
THAT I WASN'T COMING BACK.
01:32:54.933 --> 01:32:57.100
[ NARRATOR ]:
THE WINNIPEG GRENADIERS
01:32:57.233 --> 01:32:59.166
SAILED INTO VICTORIA,
01:32:59.300 --> 01:33:01.500
BOB MANCHESTER
IN THE MIDDLE OF THEM.
01:33:07.666 --> 01:33:11.066
HE HAD A JOYFUL REUNION WITH
HIS MOTHER AND WIFE, EDNA.
01:33:11.133 --> 01:33:13.400
BUT ALWAYS THE SOLDIER,
MANCHESTER HAD TAKEN ON
01:33:13.533 --> 01:33:15.266
A HEART-BREAKING ASSIGNMENT.
01:33:15.400 --> 01:33:18.166
JOHN PAYNE'S FAMILY,
HIS MOTHER, MARGARET,
01:33:18.300 --> 01:33:21.066
SISTERS DIANE, YVONNE,
AND BROTHER BEN,
01:33:21.166 --> 01:33:23.333
STILL WEREN'T SURE
ABOUT HIS FATE.
01:33:23.466 --> 01:33:30.166
AND ONE OF THE VERY, VERY
DIFFICULT SITUATIONS WAS TO, UH,
01:33:30.300 --> 01:33:34.766
UM, PAY MY RESPECTS
TO THAT FAMILY.
01:33:34.900 --> 01:33:38.466
THEY WERE VERY,
VERY ANXIOUS TO KNOW
01:33:38.600 --> 01:33:40.533
JUST WHAT DID TAKE PLACE.
01:33:42.233 --> 01:33:45.766
BEFORE THE WAR, THE PAYNES HAD
CELEBRATED WITH SOME GRENADIERS,
01:33:45.900 --> 01:33:49.866
INCLUDING THE GUY ON THE FLOOR,
BOB MANCHESTER.
01:33:50.066 --> 01:33:52.300
NOW HE WAS COMING BACK
INTO THEIR HOME,
01:33:52.433 --> 01:33:55.833
CARRYING JOHN PAYNE'S
LAST WORDS.
01:33:55.966 --> 01:33:59.866
THE LETTER WAS GRIMY
AND SWEAT-STAINED
01:34:00.066 --> 01:34:02.866
FROM YEARS BEING HIDDEN
UNDER MANCHESTER'S CLOTHES.
01:34:05.366 --> 01:34:07.233
"DEAR, MOTHER."
01:34:07.366 --> 01:34:10.200
"I HAVE DECIDED TO TAKE A CHANCE
ON GETTING OUT."
01:34:10.333 --> 01:34:12.366
"YOU SHARE MY VIEWS
ON FATALISM."
01:34:12.500 --> 01:34:13.866
"ALTHOUGH IT WILL GRIEVE ME"
01:34:14.066 --> 01:34:16.233
"TO EXCHANGE A GUITAR
FOR A HARP..."
01:34:16.366 --> 01:34:18.066
"BUT ENOUGH OF THIS DRIVEL."
01:34:18.200 --> 01:34:20.200
"YOUR DEVOTED SON, JOHN."
01:34:20.333 --> 01:34:24.233
"P.S. BEST REGARDS
TO DI AND YVONNE."
01:34:24.366 --> 01:34:26.966
"TELL BEN TO JOIN
THE AIR FORCE NEXT WAR."
01:34:39.766 --> 01:34:41.133
[ NARRATOR ]:
SOME CANADIAN VETERANS
01:34:41.266 --> 01:34:42.633
RETURNED TO JAPAN TO JOIN
01:34:42.766 --> 01:34:46.133
THE INTERNATIONAL TEAM HUNTING
JAPANESE WAR CRIMINALS.
01:34:46.266 --> 01:34:49.433
A FEW HUNDRED SCAPEGOATS WERE
ROUNDED UP AND PROSECUTED.
01:34:49.566 --> 01:34:53.600
THE COMMANDANT OF THE HONG KONG
PRISON CAMP WAS CONVICTED
01:34:53.733 --> 01:34:56.166
OF JOHN PAYNE'S MURDER
AND OTHER CRIMES.
01:34:56.300 --> 01:35:00.000
COLONEL ISAWA TAKANAGA WAS
SENTENCED TO HANG,
WEBVTT
X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=LOCAL:00:00:00.000,MPEGTS:188088
01:35:00.000 --> 01:35:00.266
COLONEL ISAWA TAKANAGA WAS
SENTENCED TO HANG,
01:35:00.400 --> 01:35:01.766
BUT THAT WAS COMMUTED
01:35:01.900 --> 01:35:03.400
TO 20 YEARS IMPRISONMENT.
01:35:05.366 --> 01:35:10.066
AT ST. STEPHEN'S, A NURSE
WHO SURVIVED THE ATROCITY
01:35:10.200 --> 01:35:13.733
TRIED UNSUCCESSFULLY TO IDENTIFY
JAPANESE SOLDIERS RESPONSIBLE
01:35:13.866 --> 01:35:15.633
FOR SOME OF THE MURDERS
AND RAPES.
01:35:17.433 --> 01:35:21.066
THE JAPANESE ARMY COMMANDER
IN HONG KONG WAS CONVICTED
01:35:21.133 --> 01:35:24.266
OF MURDER FOR ORDERING
THE EXECUTION OF PRISONERS.
01:35:24.400 --> 01:35:26.900
MAJOR GENERAL TANAKA
WAS SENTENCED TO HANG,
01:35:27.066 --> 01:35:29.300
BUT THE SENTENCE
WAS EVENTUALLY COMMUTED.
01:35:29.433 --> 01:35:32.600
KANAYO INOUYE WAS FOUND GUILTY
01:35:32.733 --> 01:35:35.200
OF BEATING CANADIAN
SOLDIERS TO DEATH.
01:35:35.333 --> 01:35:37.500
AT FIRST HIS CONVICTION WAS
OVERTURNED ON THE GROUNDS
01:35:37.633 --> 01:35:40.966
CANADA COULDN'T TRY A CANADIAN
CITIZEN FOR WAR CRIMES.
01:35:41.100 --> 01:35:45.233
THEN HE WAS TRIED AND CONVICTED
OF TREASON, AND IN 1947,
01:35:45.366 --> 01:35:47.900
HE WAS HANGED IN HONG KONG.
01:35:50.466 --> 01:35:51.833
WHILE SOME CANADIANS FOCUSED
01:35:51.966 --> 01:35:53.700
THEIR ANGER
AGAINST THE JAPANESE,
01:35:53.833 --> 01:35:56.866
MEN LIKE ROGER CYR BLAME
THE CANADIAN GOVERNMENT
01:35:57.066 --> 01:36:00.300
FOR SENDING THEM ON THE HOPELESS
MISSION TO BEGIN WITH.
01:36:00.433 --> 01:36:02.066
AS A SOLDIER,
01:36:02.200 --> 01:36:05.833
I HAVE NO PROBLEM
WITH BEING SENT TO WAR.
01:36:09.066 --> 01:36:10.733
DOESN'T BOTHER ME.
01:36:14.066 --> 01:36:16.133
WHAT FRIGHTENS THE DAYLIGHTS
OUT OF ME...
01:36:19.600 --> 01:36:24.900
THE THOUGHT THAT MY GOVERNMENT
WOULD HAVE NOT ONLY WILLINGLY,
01:36:25.066 --> 01:36:27.900
BUT VERY ACTIVELY,
PLACED ITSELF IN A SITUATION
01:36:28.066 --> 01:36:30.433
WHERE IT WOULD KNOWINGLY OFFER
A COUPLE OF THOUSAND
01:36:30.566 --> 01:36:35.466
OF ITS YOUNG MEN
AS LAMBS TO THE SLAUGHTER...
01:36:35.600 --> 01:36:38.500
IN ORDER TO MEET SOME SORT
OF POLITICAL EXPEDIENCY.
01:36:46.666 --> 01:36:48.100
[ NARRATOR ]: IN 1941,
THESE CANADIAN SOLDIERS
01:36:48.233 --> 01:36:50.466
OFFERED THEIR LIVES
TO THEIR COUNTRY
01:36:50.600 --> 01:36:54.400
AND ENTRUSTED THEIR FATE
TO THEIR GOVERNMENT.
01:36:54.533 --> 01:36:56.233
THAT TRUST WAS BETRAYED.
01:37:01.133 --> 01:37:04.066
IN THE YEARS AFTER THE WAR, AS
THEY STRUGGLED WITH THE PHYSICAL
01:37:04.200 --> 01:37:06.733
AND PSYCHOLOGICAL AFTERMATH
OF THEIR IMPRISONMENT,
01:37:06.866 --> 01:37:09.066
THE CANADIAN GOVERNMENT
MADE THEM PLEAD
01:37:09.166 --> 01:37:12.266
FOR EACH SMALL INCREASE
IN MEDICAL BENEFITS
01:37:12.400 --> 01:37:13.900
AND WAR PENSIONS.
01:37:15.433 --> 01:37:19.833
THE CANADIAN PRISON CAMP
SURVIVORS MADE A CLAIM
01:37:19.966 --> 01:37:23.300
FOR REPARATIONS FROM JAPAN,
BUT IN 1952,
01:37:23.433 --> 01:37:25.766
WITHOUT THEIR PERMISSION,
THE CANADIAN GOVERNMENT
01:37:25.900 --> 01:37:28.800
LEGALLY ABSOLVED JAPAN
OF ANY RESPONSIBILITY.
01:37:33.466 --> 01:37:35.633
AT THE SAI WAN BAY CEMETERY
IN HONG KONG,
01:37:35.766 --> 01:37:38.766
THE CANADIAN VETERANS
ARE HONOURED VISITORS.
01:37:38.900 --> 01:37:40.333
ON MAJOR ANNIVERSARIES
OF THE BATTLE,
01:37:40.466 --> 01:37:41.833
THE CANADIAN SACRIFICE
IS REMEMBERED
01:37:41.966 --> 01:37:43.900
WITH FULL MILITARY HONOURS.
01:37:44.066 --> 01:37:46.066
THE BUGLE IS PLAYED,
01:37:46.166 --> 01:37:48.266
UNIFORMS ARE WORN,
01:37:48.400 --> 01:37:51.066
AND GUNS ARE FIRED IN SALUTE
OVER THE CANADIAN GRAVES.
01:37:52.400 --> 01:37:58.433
IN THE HODOGAYA CEMETERY
IN JAPAN, THE GUNS ARE FORBIDDEN
01:37:58.566 --> 01:38:00.633
AND THE CANADIAN EMBASSY
HAS TOLD THE VETERANS
01:38:00.766 --> 01:38:02.566
IF THEY INSIST
ON BRINGING A BUGLE,
01:38:02.700 --> 01:38:05.166
IT MUST BE HIDDEN
IN A PAPER BAG.
01:38:05.300 --> 01:38:07.633
ALL FOR FEAR OF OFFENDING
THE JAPANESE.
01:38:09.666 --> 01:38:14.066
IN 1991, THE JAPANESE PRIME
MINISTER INFORMALLY APOLOGIZED
01:38:14.166 --> 01:38:17.233
TO THE CANADIAN WAR VETERANS,
BUT THE JAPANESE GOVERNMENT
01:38:17.366 --> 01:38:20.933
AND CORPORATIONS STILL REFUSE
TO PAY ANY COMPENSATION.
01:38:21.066 --> 01:38:23.966
AND THE CANADIAN GOVERNMENT
CONTINUES TO OPPOSE
01:38:24.100 --> 01:38:26.566
THE VETERANS RIGHT TO HAVE IT.
01:38:39.366 --> 01:38:42.933
THE COMMONWEALTH MILITARY
CEMETERY AT STANLEY
01:38:43.066 --> 01:38:44.433
IS NEAR ST. STEPHEN'S HOSPITAL,
01:38:44.566 --> 01:38:47.733
WHERE CANADIAN SOLDIERS WERE
MASSACRED IN HONG KONG.
01:38:47.866 --> 01:38:50.733
...AND THEY ALL GOT SOMETHING
FROM THEIR FAMILY ON THE BOTTOM.
01:38:50.866 --> 01:38:53.700
THERE ARE 19 CANADIANS
IN THIS SMALL CEMETERY,
01:38:53.833 --> 01:38:56.300
NOT COUNTING THE UNKNOWN
SOLDIERS OFTEN BURIED
01:38:56.433 --> 01:38:58.233
MORE THAN ONE TO A GRAVE.
01:38:58.366 --> 01:39:00.833
THERE'S 12 OF THEM HERE, ROBERT.
01:39:00.966 --> 01:39:03.433
UH-HMM.
01:39:09.500 --> 01:39:14.233
WHEN THEY RETURNED FROM THE WAR,
SOME OF THE SURVIVORS
01:39:14.366 --> 01:39:17.166
WERE OUTRAGED WHEN THEY HEARD OF
PRINTED ACCUSATIONS IN BRITAIN
01:39:17.300 --> 01:39:21.466
THAT CANADIANS BROKE AND RAN
IN THE HONG KONG BATTLE,
01:39:21.600 --> 01:39:25.700
THAT CANADIANS WERE TO BLAME
FOR THE FALL OF THE COLONY.
01:39:25.833 --> 01:39:27.200
THEY KNEW IT WAS A LIE,
01:39:27.333 --> 01:39:29.200
AND YET MANY HAD TROUBLE
BRINGING THEMSELVES
01:39:29.333 --> 01:39:31.233
TO TELL THE STORY
OF WHAT REALLY HAPPENED
01:39:31.366 --> 01:39:35.966
TO THE FAMILIES
OF THEIR DEAD COMRADES.
01:39:36.100 --> 01:39:39.600
WHAT YOU TRY TO DO, OF COURSE,
WHEN YOU WERE TALKING
01:39:39.733 --> 01:39:44.466
WITH THE RELATIVES, UH, GIVE
THE BETTER SIDE OF THE PICTURE
01:39:44.600 --> 01:39:47.066
RATHER THAN THE HORRORS
OF THE ACTUAL FIGHTING
01:39:47.200 --> 01:39:49.333
OR THE PRISON CAMP,
UH, SITUATION.
01:39:49.466 --> 01:39:53.600
I DIDN'T EVEN TELL
MY OWN MOTHER EVERYTHING.
01:39:53.733 --> 01:39:56.300
I NEVER TOLD HER ANYTHING
ABOUT THE BAD TIMES
01:39:56.433 --> 01:39:58.833
OR HOW BAD IT WAS IN CAMP,
OR ANYTHING ELSE.
01:39:58.966 --> 01:40:00.000
I HAD, UH...
WEBVTT
X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=LOCAL:00:00:00.000,MPEGTS:188088
01:40:00.000 --> 01:40:00.966
I HAD, UH...
01:40:02.433 --> 01:40:03.800
WELL, TO TELL YOU THE TRUTH,
01:40:03.933 --> 01:40:06.500
I DIDN'T WANT TO TALK
ABOUT IT TOO MUCH.
01:40:06.633 --> 01:40:10.266
EVEN LIEUTENANT SCOTT
THAT SAVED MY LIFE.
01:40:10.400 --> 01:40:13.266
I'M SORRY TO SAY I DIDN'T WRITE
HIS WIFE AND TELL HER
01:40:13.400 --> 01:40:17.133
WHAT I THOUGHT OF HIM
TILL ABOUT TWO YEARS AGO.
01:40:17.266 --> 01:40:18.866
WHY IS THAT?
01:40:19.000 --> 01:40:21.366
I GUESS I JUST WANTED
TO FORGET IT, THAT'S ALL.
01:40:21.500 --> 01:40:24.233
SO WE TRIED
TO, UH...
01:40:27.233 --> 01:40:28.966
PROVIDE
A REASONABLE
01:40:29.100 --> 01:40:32.900
EXPLANATION
AS TO, UM...
01:40:57.100 --> 01:40:59.900
I DON'T WHY--
CUT IT OUT, BOB--
01:41:00.100 --> 01:41:03.633
I DON'T KNOW WHY BOB AND I
GOT PICKED TO COME HERE.
01:41:03.766 --> 01:41:07.633
ANY OF THE FELLOWS COULD
HAVE CAME HERE.
01:41:07.766 --> 01:41:12.166
A COUPLE OF EPISODES
WE'VE HAD SOME FUN,
01:41:12.300 --> 01:41:14.466
LAUGHED DOWN ON THE STREETS.
01:41:14.600 --> 01:41:18.233
BUT THE MAJORITY
OF IT HAS BEEN NO LAUGH.
01:41:18.366 --> 01:41:25.200
I'VE BEEN VERY, VERY, VERY PROUD
TO SERVE WITH THIS BRIGADE,
01:41:25.333 --> 01:41:30.566
BOTH IN THE FIGHTING...
AND IN PRISON CAMP.
01:41:30.700 --> 01:41:34.666
AND I'D LIKE TO SAY TO THEM,
WHEREVER YOU ARE,
01:41:34.800 --> 01:41:37.766
AND WHEREVER YOU GO,
01:41:37.900 --> 01:41:41.333
YOU CAN SAY,
"I'M A HONG KONG VETERAN,"
01:41:41.466 --> 01:41:43.066
AND HOLD YOUR HEAD UP HIGH.
01:43:57.400 --> 01:43:59.766
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01:43:59.900 --> 01:44:05.133
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